Ap Hug Chapter 5 Vocab

Centrifugal force

A cultural value that tends to pull people apart

Centripetal force

A cultural value that ends to unify people

Creole Language

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Endangered Language

A language that is threatened or dying because it is losing users and may not be retained by the younger generation

Extinct Language

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

Institutional Language

A language used in education, work, mass media, and government

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Isolated Language

A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

Language

A system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning

Language Branch

A collection of languages related through a common ancestry that can be confirmed through archaeological evidence

Language family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestry long before recorded history

Language Group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Lingua Franca

A language that mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Literary Tradition

A language that is written as well as spoken

Official Language

The language adopted for use by a government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

Spanglish

A combination of spanish and english spoken by some hispanic americans

Stable Language

A language in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals

Standard Language

The form of language used for official government, business, education, and mass communication

Subdialect

A subdivision of a dialect

Working Language

A language designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation

Threatened Language

a language that is still actively used for face

Dying Language

a language that is at risk of falling out of use entirely because it is no longer being taught to children by the childbearing generation, and fluent speakers are mostly older adults

Developing Language

a language that is spoken in daily use and has an established literary tradition (written form), but that literary tradition is not widely distributed or heavily used outside of its local community

Cultural Convergence

The process of two or more distinct cultures becoming more similar to one another as they interact and share traits.

Cultural Divergence

The process where a culture splits, isolates, or branches off, becoming increasingly distinct or different over time.

Cultural Hearths

The geographic origin point or "birthplace" where major cultural ideas, innovations, technologies, languages, or religions first develop and then spread outward to other regions

Acculturation

The Process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups each of which retains distinct cultural

Assimilation

The process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

Syncretism

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

Multiculturalism

A policy or belief that encourages the preservation and equal coexistence of distinct cultural groups within a single society.

Centrifugal force

A cultural value that tends to pull people apart

Centripetal force

A cultural value that tends to unify people

Creole Language

A language that results from the mixing of a colonizers language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated

Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation

Endangered Language

A language that is threatened or dying because it is losing users and may not be retained by the younger generation

Extinct Language

A language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer used

Institutional Language

A language used in education, work, mass media, and government

Isogloss

A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate

Isolated Language

A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family

Language

A system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning

Language Branch

A collection of languages related through a common ancestry that can be confirmed through archaeological evidence

Language family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestry long before recorded history

Language Group

A collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

Lingua Franca

A language that mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

Literary Tradition

A language that is written as well as spoken

Official Language

The language adopted for use by a government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

Spanglish

A combination of spanish and english spoken by some hispanic americans

Stable Language

A language in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals

Standard Language

The form of language used for official government, business, education, and mass communication

Subdialect

A subdivision of a dialect

Working Language

A language designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation

Threatened Language

A language that is still actively used for face-to-face communication, but is losing users

Dying Language

A language that is at risk of falling out of use entirely because it is no longer being taught to children by the childbearing generation, and fluent speakers are mostly older adults

Developing Language

A language that is spoken in daily use and has an established literary tradition (written form), but that literary tradition is not widely distributed or heavily used outside of its local community

Cultural Convergence

The process of two or more distinct cultures becoming more similar to one another as they interact and share traits.

Cultural Divergence

The process where a culture splits, isolates, or branches off, becoming increasingly distinct or different over time.

Cultural Hearths

The geographic origin point or "birthplace" where major cultural ideas, innovations, technologies, languages, or religions first develop and then spread outward to other regions

Acculturation

The Process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups each of which retains distinct cultural traits

Assimilation

The process by which a group's cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

Syncretism

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

Multiculturalism

A policy or belief that encourages the preservation and equal coexistence of distinct cultural groups within a single society.

Alternative fact

A statement that can be proven to be false.

Cultural Homogenization

The process of reduction in cultural diversity through the diffusion of popular culture

Custom

The frequent repetition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

Fake News

A false report disseminated under the guise of an authentic news report, created to maliciously spread misinformation and mislead consumers of the content.

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Franchise

An agreement between a corporation and a business owner to market that corporation's products in a local area.

Habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

Popular Culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits and seeks other personal characteristics.

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by a social custom

Terroir

The contribution of a location's distinctive environment to the way food produced there tastes.

Trolling

The practice of posting deliberately inflammatory, extraneous, or off-topic messages in social media in order to provoke quarrels or otherwise upset people.