MED101 Chapter 10: The Blood System

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering combining forms, blood components, plasma proteins, cell types, blood grouping, pathologies, and pharmacological concepts from Chapter 10: The Blood System.

Plasma

The clear liquid portion of blood comprising $55\%$ of total volume upon separation, consisting of $92\%$ water, $8\%$ inorganic chemicals, proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, prothrombin), glucose, nutrients, gases, and electrolytes.

agglutin(o)

A combining form meaning agglutinin.

eosino

A combining form referring to eosinophil.

erythr(o)

A combining form meaning red.

hemo, hemat(o)

Combining forms meaning blood.

leuk(o)

A combining form meaning white.

phag(o)

A combining form meaning eating or devouring.

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Cells produced in the bone marrow that circulate in the blood, are needed for blood clotting and wound healing, and are the first to react to an injury.

Albumin

A simple protein found in blood plasma.

Fibrinogen

A plasma protein that aids in blood clotting.

Prothrombin

A plasma protein that aids in blood clotting.

Gamma globulins

A type of globulin that arises in lymphatic tissue and functions as part of the immune system.

Electrophoresis

The process of separating particles in a solution by passing electricity through the liquid.

Plasmapheresis

The process of removing blood from a person, centrifuging it, and returning only the red blood cells.

Coagulation

The process of changing a liquid to a semisolid.

Thromboplastin

A protein that aids in forming a fibrin clot.

Thrombin

An enzyme that helps in blood clot formation.

Heparin

A substance that acts as an anticoagulant.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells (RBCs) that carry oxygen throughout the body.

Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBCs) that fight infections.

Hematocrit

The measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in the blood.

Stem cells

Immature blood cells formed in the bone marrow from which most blood cells develop.

Eosinopenia

An abnormally low count of eosinophils in the blood.

Leukoblast

An immature white blood cell.

Phagocyte

A cell that consumes other substances, such as bacteria.

Hemodialysis

External dialysis performed by separating solid substances and water from the blood.

Cytoplasm

A gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell.

Type A Blood

Blood characterized by erythrocytes with type A surface antigens and plasma containing anti-B antibodies.

Type B Blood

Blood characterized by erythrocytes with type B surface antigens and plasma containing anti-A antibodies.

Type AB Blood

Blood characterized by erythrocytes with both type A and type B surface antigens, and plasma with neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Type O Blood

Blood characterized by erythrocytes with neither type A nor type B surface antigens, and plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Dyscrasia

A non-specific term that refers to a disease or disorder, especially of the blood.

Sickle cell anemia

A disorder in which red blood cells are abnormally shaped.

Polycythemia

A type of blood cancer that causes bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells, thickening the blood and slowing its flow, which may cause clots.

Von Willebrand disease

A lifelong bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.

Anticoagulants

Medications that prevent blood clotting.

Thrombolytics

Medications that dissolve blood clots.

Hemocatharsis

The cleansing of the blood.

Hematocystis

The presence of excess blood in the urinary bladder.

Erythropsia

A vision abnormality in which objects appear red.