UNIT4

UNIT 4

Loss of fibrinogen within the plasma would most likely cause which of the following?

Loss of blood clotting

White blood cells are also known as _____________.

Leukocytes

Which of the following is NOT a phase of hemostasis?

Fibrinolysis

Which body activity would be MOST affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)?

Oxygen transport

Which of the following are agranulocytes?

A and B

This term refers to the movement of leukocytes from the bloodstream into a tissue, typically in response to injury or infection.

Diapedesis

Which of the following substances is in highest abundance in blood plasma?

Water

Red blood cells are "recycled" in which organ(s)?

A and B

The first step of hemostasis involves which of the following processes at the site of injury?

Vasoconstriction

This agranulocyte accounts for 25% of all white blood cells. It plays a crucial role in adaptive immunity. Some cells of this type produce antibodies.

Lymphocyte

When O₂ detaches from hemoglobin and resumes its former shape, it is called ___________.

Deoxyhemoglobin

Which of the following is NOT an example of a formed element of blood tissue?

Plasma

In blood, this protein acts as a carrier to shuttle molecules through circulation.  It accounts for around 60% of plasma proteins.

Albumin

This term refers to the movement of leukocytes from the bloodstream into a tissue, typically in response to injury or infection.

Diapedesis

This plasma protein converts prothrombin into thrombin, continuing the coagulation cascade.

Prothrombin activator

The hemoglobin molecule contains how many Fe²⁺ ions?

Four

This blood cell class accounts for 3-8% of leukocytes. After exiting the bloodstream, they are classified as macrophages and serve as important phagocytes.

Monocytes

Which of the following ABO blood types is known as the "universal receiver?"

Type AB

Individuals with which blood type(s) bear Anti-A antibodies in their plasma?

Type B

Which of the following constituents are essential for production of erythrocytes?

All of the above

Which of the following are examples of phagocytes?

A and C

This hormone stimulates the formation of red blood cells in response to hypoxia.

Erythropoietin

This leukocyte attacks parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized.

Eosinophils

This leukocyte is the most common in blood plasma. It primarily attacks bacteria through the use of its respiratory burst.

Neutrophils

Which of the following are granulocytes?

A and C

What organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production?

Kidney

The term "anucleate" means that the cell:

completely lacks a nucleus.

What is the average normal pH range of blood?

7.35-7.45

This form of hemoglobin is formed when CO₂ binds to the globin's amino acids rather than the heme group.

Carbaminohemoglobin

Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood?

Hemocytoblast

This blood protein is essential to the eventual digestion of fibrin threads in a clot.

Plasmin

The majority of the __________ component of hemoglobin is recycled by the liver and incorporated into bilirubin.

Heme

Which of the following enzymes is directly responsible for the formation of fibrin?

Thrombin

This granulocyte releases histamine, which acts as a vasodilator and pro-inflammatory agent.

Basophil

This component of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is found outside the blood vessel and skips many steps of the cascade normally engaged in the intrinsic pathway.

Tissue Factor (TF)

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO), you would expect to see ________.

Increased hematocrit

Which of the following signals increases the "stickiness" of platelets, facilitating clotting?

Collagen fibers

Which of the following ABO blood types is known as the "universal donor?"

Type O

When blood types are improperly mixed and cell surface antigens are recognized by antibodies, _________ results, forming large clumps of red blood cells that ultimately rupture.

Agglutination

In an electrocardiogram, the _________ represents ventricular repolarization.

T wave

The P wave of a normal electrocardiogram indicates ________.

atrial depolarization

Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

Atrioventricular (AV) valve

This determinant of stroke volume derives from the amount of stretch prior to contraction.

Preload

Which component of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart fires the fastest?

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following heart chambers contains the thickest layer of myocardium?

Left ventricle

In the Cardiac Cycle, ventricular filling takes place in _____________.

Mid-to-late ventricular diastole

Which of the following transports oxygen-rich blood?

Pulmonary vein

Which of the events below does NOT occur when the semilunar valves are open?

Ventricles are in diastole.