APGOV Unit 3 Review

civil liberties

guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens from the government (amendments)

federalists

favored a more powerful central government

anti-federalists

favored the states being more powerful

antifederalist from virginia

george madison

first amendment

freedom of speech, press, and religion

establishment clause

congress cant establish a national church or religion

free exercise clause

You can practice your religion without interference from the government

johnson amendment

churches that don’t pay taxes can’t support or oppose political candidates

defamatory speech

speech used to harm someone else

content-neutral regulations

there is no restriction agains the words being said, only when, where, and how

clear and present danger rule

speech can be silenced if it is considered dangerous in some way

prior restraint

when the government tries to restrain a story prior to its publication

“security of a free state”

second amendment argument

individual freedom vs __

__ vs social order

8th amendment

no excessive fines or bails, and no cruel or unusual punishments

fourth amenmdment

No unreasonable searches or seizures of property unless a warrant is obtained that was issued by courts

selective incorporation

the process by which the bill of rights is applied to the states

14th amendment

No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States

1,2,4,5,6,8th amendments

amendments that have been selectively incorporated

due process

all legal proceedings are fair, and that everyone is given a chance to contest the legal action taken against them

exclusionary rule

any evidence that is gathered in violation of the fourth amendment will be excluded form a person’s trial

miranda rule

upon arresting someone the office has the recite that tv show script thingy

public safety exception to miranda rights

if the officer took action before reciting the miranda warning because they were concerned about their safety, it is considered an exception to the requirement, allowing any statements made by the suspect to be admissible in court

before, not admissible

any evidence gathered [_] before the Miranda are [_] in court

sixth amendment

right to a speedy trial and a lawyer

1,4,5,9,14th amendments

amendments implying the right to privacy

civil rights

ensure every american, regardless of sex, religion, or race has equal access to those civil liberties

due process, equal protection clause, 14th

civil rights attempt to apply civil rights to everyone thorugh the __ and [_] of the [_] amendment

13th amendment

abolished slavery

jim crow segregation laws

enforced racial discrimination and limiting the rights of blacks until the civil rights movements dismantled these laws

19th amendment

women could now vote

civil rights act of 1964

banned discrimination based on sex and race

Education Amendment Act Title IX

women have the same opportunities as men in societies that receive federal funding

hatch amendment

proposed and unpassed amendment that said whichever abortion law was stricter (state or federal) would become the law in that state

plessy v ferguson

established the “separate but equal” doctrine

voting rights act of 1965

illegal to discriminate against voters

majority-minority districts

district in which the majority is a minority

affirmative action

policies enacted that favor groups that have been historically discriminated against

de jure segregation

racial discrimination by law

de facto segregation

Racial discrimination by choice