2._Glycolysis
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17 Terms
Glycolysis
A metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP and NADH.
Insulin
A hormone released during the fed state that promotes the storage of fuels and synthesis of complex molecules.
Glucagon
A hormone released during the fasting state that increases blood glucose levels by promoting liver glucose secretion.
Hexokinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates glucose to glucose 6-phosphate; inhibited by its product.
Glucokinase
An enzyme that phosphorylates glucose in the liver; active at high glucose levels and not inhibited by its product.
Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
A critical regulatory enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.
Pyruvate Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate while producing ATP.
GLUT4
A glucose transporter found in muscle and adipose tissues, responsive to insulin.
Aerobic Glycolysis
The process of glycolysis occurring in the presence of oxygen, leading to the production of acetyl CoA.
Anaerobic Glycolysis
The process of glycolysis occurring in the absence of oxygen, leading to the production of lactate or ethanol.
Citrate
A compound that inhibits glycolysis in muscle but not in liver, signaling ample substrates for the citric acid cycle.
AMP
An allosteric activator of PFK-1 that signals ATP depletion in the cell.
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
An intermediate in glycolysis that activates pyruvate kinase and is formed from fructose 6-phosphate by PFK-1.
Pasteur Effect
The phenomenon where glycolysis slows in the presence of oxygen, indicating less glucose consumption under aerobic conditions.
NADH
A reduced coenzyme produced in glycolysis, which carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
PFK-2
An enzyme that synthesizes fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, which acts as an allosteric activator of PFK-1.
Lactic Acid
A product formed from the anaerobic conversion of pyruvate in muscles, which can lead to lactic acidosis.