BIO 201 Exam 2

206

How many bones in the human body?

sesamoid bone

bone that forms with tendon due to stress (patella)

line

A slightly elongated ridge

270

How many bones are in a newborn baby

alveolus

a pit or socket

fovea

a small pit

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxillary

List the paranasal sinuses

anterior, middle, and posterior

what are the three cranial fossa

glabella

parietal and frontal

temporal lines for an arc across the _____ bones

squamous part

zygomatic process and mandibular fossa

temporal lines

attachment for temporalis muscles

styoid process

provides site of attachment for muscles of the toungue, pharynx, and hyoid bone

external acoustic meatus and styloid process

which features are found in the tympanic part of the temporal bone?

stylomastoid forament

part of the mastoid notch and is a passage for a branch of the facial nerve

basilar part of occipital bone

superior nuchal line

external occipital protuberance

osteology

study of bones

blood formation, protection, support, acid-base balance

which are functions of the skeletal system

medial pterygoid plate

inferior pterygoid plat

bone tissue

Dynamic tissue that continually remodels itself

connective, calcium phosphate

bone or osseous tissue is a ____ tissue with a matrix of harden materials _______

bone tissue, marrow, cartilage, and periosteum

What are individual bones are made of?

support, protection, movement, blood formation, mineral reservoir, pH balance, and detoxification

functions of the skeletal system

support

the skeletal system hold up body, muscles, and organs

protection

the skeletal system provides _____ for organs and bone marrow

movement

the skeletal system serves as a muscle attachment

blood formation

the bone marrow creates rbcs and wbcs

Mineral reservoir

the skeletal system stores calcium and phosphate

pH balance

the skeletal system buffers blood by absorbing or releasing alkaline salts

detoxification

the skeletal system removes heavy metals from blood; can later slow release

long bones

short bones

flat bones

most cranial bones, ribs, sternum scapula, os oxae

irregular bones

no

do flat bones have a marrow cavity?

C

Mark was riding his bike to school when he collided with an e-scooter. Which layer of the skull will not be affected?

A) Outer compact bone

B) dipole (spongy bone)

C) inner compact bone

D) peristoseum

suture

What is highlighted pink?

outer compact bone

what is highlighted blue?

spongy bone (dipole)

what is highlighted green?

trabeculae

what is highlighted yellow?

inner compact bone

what is highlighted orange?

epiphysis

the ends/head of long bones

diaphysis

shaft of bone

articular cartilage

What is highlighted light pink?

periosteum

layer of fibrous connective tissue covering the bone

articular cartilage

hyaline carlilage

endosteum

lines internal surface

epiphysial line

what is highlighted light orange?

red bone marrow

What is highlighted light yellow?

marrow cavity

what is highlighted light green?

yellow bone marrow

What is light blue?

periosteum

What is highlighted light purple

nutrient foramen

what is highlight dark red

site of endosteum

what is highlighted dark orange?

compact bone

what is highlighted dark yellow?

spongy bone

what is highlighted dark green?

epiphysis

what is highlighted dark purple

diaphysis

what is highlighted dark blue

Long Bones, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, metacarpals, Phalanges, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsals, Phalanges

long bones

carpals and tarsals

short bones

sphenoid, ethmoid, and vertebrae

irregular bones

shaft (diaphysis)

compact bone, contains marrow cavity (medullary cavity)

endosteum

contains cells providing bone reprobation and deposition

enlarged ends (epiphyses)

spongy bone covered with a layer of compact bone; enlarged to strengthen joint and provide for attachment of tendons and ligaments

periosteum

covers remainder of bone; outer fibrous layers continuous with tendons

osteogenic cells

reside in endosteum or periosteum; multiply continuously & differentiate into osteoblasts

osteoblasts

form organic matter of matrix and help to mineralize response to stress or fractures

osteocytes

osteoblasts that have been trapped; reside in lacunae- connected to each other via canaliculi; signal osteoclasts/osteoblasts about mechanical stress

osteoclasts

bone-dissolving cells; develop in bone marrow by the fusion of the same stem cells that give rise to monocytes of the blood

resorption bays

osteoclasts reside in pits called ____________ that they have eaten into surface of the bone

organic matter, inorganic matter

the dry weight of the matrix of osseous tissue is 1/3 _______ and 2/3 __________

collagen, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoprotiens

organic matter

85% hydroxyapatitie, 10% calcium carbonate, and other materials

inorganic matter

hydroxyapatite

crystalized calcium phosphate salt

strength and resiliance

the mix of organic and inorganic tissue provide ________

resist compression

what do the minerals in bone do?

resist tension

what does the collagen in bone do?

bone softening, deformity

minerals in bones contribute to ____________ or ____________; especially in weight-bearing bones

rickets or osteomalacia

the condition(s) that comes from defective mineralization in bones

rickets

• •In children

• •Insufficient sunlight or vitamin D

• •Dietary deficiency in calcium or phosphate

• •Liver or kidney disease

osteomalacia

• •In adults

• •Insufficient sunlight or vitamin D

• •Dietary deficiency in calcium or phosphate

• •Liver or kidney disease

osteons or haversian systems

cylinders of tissue formed from layers of matrix concentrically arranged around a blood vessel; osteocytes connected to each other and the Haversian blood supply by tiny cell processes

lamellae

individual layers of the osteons

haversian canals

holds blood vessels in osteons

perforating canals

branches from nutrient arteries that run perpendicular to haversian canals

circumfenteral lamellae

heavy rings of bone matrix that run completely around the outer and inner borders of a long bone shaft, much like the growth rings of a tree

outer lamellae

what is highlighted light pink

osteon

What is highlighted light orange

Haversian canals

what is highlighted light yellow

periosteum

what is highlighted light green

perforating fibers

what is highlighted light blue

blood vessels

what is highlighted purple

endosteum

what is highlighted dark red?

lacunae

What is highlighted dark orange?

perforating canal

What is highlighted dark yellow?

trabeculae

What is highlighted dark green?