Nose, Nasal cavity & Paranasal sinuses

Nose

What is part of the respiratory system that contains the organ of smell?

superior to hard palate

what is the location of the nose

1. External nose

2. nasal cavity (Right and Left nasal septum)

What are the parts of the nose? (2)

1. Olfaction

2. Respiration

3. Filtration of dust

4. Humidification of inspired air

5. Reception and elimination of secretions from paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

what is the functions of the nose (5)?

Visible portion of nose that projects from the face

What is the external nose?

mostly cartilaginous

What is the skeleton of the nose made up of mostly?

The vestibule

The skin covers all of the nose including what?

1. Dorsum

2. Nares

3. Alae

4. Vestibule

What are the parts of the external nose? (4)

from root superiorly to apex (tip) anteroinferior

What is the location of the Dorsum of the external nose?

(nostrils) inferior openings of the nose in the anterior aspect

What is the location of the Nares of the external nose?

bound to nares laterally

what is the Alae (wings) of the external nose bound to?

initial part of nasal cavity lined with skin. Hairs in the vestibule help filter dust particles

what is the Vestibule of the external nose? what is it lined with?

nasal, frontal, and frontal process of maxillae

What bones make up the external nose? (3)

Lateral (2)

Alar (2): moveable by muscles acting on nose

Septal (1)

What are the cartilages of the external nose and how many are there? Which one is moveable?

Divides nasal chamber into two nasal cavities

what does the septum of the external nose divide?

Bones: perpendicular plate of the ethmoid & vomer

Cartilage: septal cartilage

What are the components of the nasal septum (2)

superior to hard palate; communicates anteriorly (with the exterior) through nares, and posteriorly (with nasopharynx) through choanae

What is the location of the nasal cavities? What do they communicate with anteriorly and posteriorly?

Lines the nasal cavities, except the vestibule (lined with skin)

what does the mucosa line what? What does it NOT line?

superior 1/3rd. Contains peripheral organ of smell

what does the Olfactory mucosa line? what organ does it contain?

inferior 2/3rd. Warms and moisturizes air before passing to lungs

what does the Respiratory mucosa line? what does it do?

is curved and narrow, except at the posterior end; and it has three parts named after the bones that form them

what is the boundary of the roof of the nasal cavity?

Frontonasal

Ethmoidal

Sphenoidal

what bones form the roof of the nasal cavities? (3)

wider than the roof, formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone (hard palate)

what is the floor boundary of the nasal cavity? what bones are they formed by?

formed by the nasal septum

what is the medial wall boundary of the nasal cavity formed by?

made of the scroll-shaped elevations called the nasal conchae

what is the lateral wall boundary of the nasal septum formed by?

conchae covered on mucosa. Offer vast surface for heat exchange.

- Superior, middle, and inferior conchae

What are turbinates of the nasal cavity?

passages underlying each of the turbinates

What is the Nasal meatus?

superoposterior to superior concha

Opening of sphenoidal sinus

where is the Sphenoethmoidal recess located and where does it open?

between superior and middle conchae

Opening(s) of posterior ethmoidal sinuses

Where is the Superior nasal meatus and where does it open?

between middle and inferior conchae

where is the middle nasal meatus

communication with frontal sinus via the frontonasal duct

what does the Ethmoidal infundibulum communicate with via?

semicircular groove with openings of frontal, anterior ethmoidal, and maxillary sinuses

what is the Semilunar hiatus where does it open (3)?

rounded elevation superior to the hiatus, contains opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus

What is the Ethmoidal bulla and what opening does it contain?

inferolateral to inferior nasal concha

Where is the Inferior nasal meatus located?

Opening of nasolacrimal duct in anterior portion

what does the Inferior nasal meatus open into?

medial part of nasal cavity, between nasal conchae and septum, where lateral recesses and meatus open

where is the Common nasal meatus located and where does it open?

1. Ophthalmic artery (1)

- Anterior and Posterior ethmoidal aa.

2. Maxillary artery (2)

-Sphenopalatine a.

- Greater palatine a.

3. Facial artery (1)

-Septal branch of the superior labial a.

What are the arteries assocated with the nasal cavites? (3) what are their branches?

anterior part of nasal septum where arteries anastomose

What is the Kiesselbach area of the nasal cavity?

Submucosal venous plexus drains into:

1. Sphenopalatine v.

2. Facial v.

3. Ophthalmic v.

What are the Veins assocated with the nasal cavity?

•Olfactory (CN I)

• Trigeminal (CN V)

• Nasopalatine nerve (V2)

• Anterior ethmoidal nerve (V1)

What are the nerves assocated with the nasal septum? (4)

1. Posterior superior and

inferior lateral branches (V2)

2. Greater palatine nerve (V2)

3. Anterior ethmoidal n. (V1)

What nerves of the nasal cavity are on the lateral wall?

Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity

What are paranasal sinus?

Communicate with the nasal cavity through openings beneath the conchae on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

what do paranasal sinus commucate with the nasal cavity through?

1. Posterior to superciliary arches and root of nose

2. R & L drain through a frontonasal duct in the ethmoidal infundibulum, which opens in the semicircular hiatus

What are the frontal paranasal sinus? (2)

Fragile and easily shattered on hard impact. Medial to orbit and lateral to nasal cavity

Where are the ethmoidal cells (3-18) of the paranasal sinus

Anterior: drains into the infundibulum

Middle: drains into ethmoidal bulla

Posterior: superior nasal meatus

what are the divisions of the ethmoidal cells (3-18)? what do they drain into?

1 on each side within the body of the sphenoid bone, inferior to the sella turcica

Drain into the sphenoethmoidal recess

Where are the sphenoid (2) paranasal sinus located? what do they drain into?

Sphenoid paranasal sinus

inflammation in what sinus is a serious medical condition requiring immediate attention, with either antibiotics or direct cleaning of the sinus

Maxillary (2)

What is the largest paranasal sinus?

lies in the prominence of the cheek within the maxilla, lateral to nasal cavity.

Where does the maxillary (2) paranasal sinus located?

Maxillary sinus (2)

infraorbital nerve (CN V2) runs along the mucosa of what sinus to go to the upper teeth. Swelling in this sinus can make the teeth hurt, but is NOT a dental problem

Drain into the middle nasal meatus. Drainage is in the superior aspect of the sinus, which it makes it hard to drain.

what does the maxillay (2) sinus drain into?

Frontal (2)

Ethmoid (3 - 18)

Maxillary (2)

Sphenoid (2)

what are the paranasal sinuses and how many are there? (4)

supraorbital nerve and artery

What nerves and vessels supply the frontal sinus (2)

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves

What nerves and vessels supply the Ethmoid sinus (2)

posterior ethmoidal arteries and nerves

What nerves and vessels supply the sphenoid sinus (2)

anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves and arteries

What nerves and vessels supply the maxillary sinus (3)