BIO Exam 3 (1) Fungi worksheet

Fungi domain

Eukarya.

Fungi cell type

Eukaryotic; fungi have nuclei and mitochondria.

Evolutionary ancestors of mitochondria (worksheet)

Aerobic bacteria.

Fungi nutrition

Heterotrophs; they cannot make their own food and obtain carbon from organic sources.

Do fungi have chloroplasts? (worksheet)

No.

Fungi are more closely related to

Humans (animals) than plants.

Fungal cell-wall material

Chitin.

Glowing fungus found in NJ (worksheet)

Jack-o'-lantern fungus.

Yeast used for bread/beer

Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

karyo-

Nucleus.

plasmo-

Cytoplasm.

-gamy

Fusion or union.

Plasmogamy

Fusion of cytoplasm.

Karyogamy

Fusion of nuclei.

Two fungal reproductive phases

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.

Three fungal nuclear/chromosome stages

Haploid, dikaryotic/heterokaryotic, and diploid.

Haploid (n)

One set of chromosomes.

Diploid (2n)

Two sets of chromosomes.

Dikaryotic/heterokaryotic

Two genetically different nuclei coexist; they have not fused.

Spore

A reproductive/dispersal cell in the fungal life cycle.

Hypha

A threadlike fungal filament.

Mycelium

A network or mass of hyphae.

Sporangium

A spore-producing structure.

Asexual fungal reproduction

Spores can be produced without meiosis; yeast can reproduce by budding.

Budding

Asexual reproduction in which a new yeast cell grows from the parent cell.

Mating types (+/-)

Genetically determined compatible types of fungal hyphae.

Pheromones in fungal reproduction

Chemical signals that help different mating-type hyphae grow toward one another.

What happens before plasmogamy?

Different mating-type hyphae grow toward one another.

What happens during plasmogamy?

Compatible hyphae fuse their cytoplasm.

What stage follows plasmogamy?

Dikaryotic/heterokaryotic hyphae (n+n).

What happens during karyogamy?

The nuclei fuse.

What forms after karyogamy?

A diploid zygote (2n).

What happens after the zygote forms?

Meiosis produces haploid spores.

Meiosis in the fungal sexual cycle

Reduces chromosome number and produces haploid spores.

Sexual fungal cycle in order

Spores → hyphae/mycelium of compatible mating types → plasmogamy → dikaryotic/heterokaryotic hyphae → karyogamy → diploid zygote → meiosis → haploid spores.

Asexual fungal cycle (worksheet)

Haploid hyphae/mycelium → sporangium → mitosis → haploid spores → germination/mitosis → haploid hyphae/mycelium.

Haploid stages in the fungal cycle

Spores and ordinary haploid hyphae/mycelium (n).

Dikaryotic stage in the fungal cycle

After plasmogamy and before karyogamy (n+n).

Diploid stage in the fungal cycle

The zygote after karyogamy (2n).

Basidiomycete sexual spore-bearing structure

Basidium (plural: basidia).

Mushroom in Basidiomycetes

The fruiting body.

Basidiomycete fruiting body chromosome state

Dikaryotic (n+n).

Basidiomycete spores chromosome state

Haploid (n).

Basidiomycete mating-type hyphae chromosome state

Haploid (n).

Basidiomycete dikaryotic hyphae chromosome state

Dikaryotic (n+n).

Basidiomycete diagram label A

Fruiting body (dikaryotic; n+n).

Basidiomycete diagram label B

Karyogamy.

Basidiomycete diagram label C

Zygote (diploid; 2n).

Basidiomycete diagram label D

Basidia (dikaryotic; n+n).

Basidiomycete diagram label E

Plasmogamy.

Basidiomycete diagram label F

Spores (n).

Basidiomycete diagram label G

Hyphae mating type + (n).

Basidiomycete diagram label H

Hyphae mating type - (n).

Basidiomycete diagram label I

Hyphae (dikaryotic; n+n).

Basidiomycete diagram label J

Meiosis.

Basidiomycete diagram label K

Haploid hyphae (n), pointing to both mating types.

Where do processes go on the Basidiomycete worksheet diagram?

In the ovals.

Where do structures go on the Basidiomycete worksheet diagram?

In the boxes.