mu4 nb14 shifts in political power

new social class emerged in england and netherlands

urban gentry

what arose with the new urban gentry social class

companies, banks, commercial agriculture, and economies

urban gentry in england were

a group of self made people who became rich or powerful from commercialization or trade

problem w/ urban gentry

despite being among the richest, they had almost no political power in government

most governments were run by

hereditary noble and kings—ones who had inherited and not necessarily ‘earned’ their power or status

from 17th to 19th centuries, the gentry in england struggled with

monarchial and noble groups for more political power

one of the best examples of this struggle between new self made class and king was the

english civil war in 1642

in 1642, the english monarch _

shared some power w parliament

parliaments role

had to be called in by the king, could be dismissed by the king, but played an important role in raising funds

most monarchs tried not to do what

call on parliament

why did charles I have to call on parliament for new taxes in the mid 17th century

war vs scotland and personal spending

charles I’s war vs scotland and personal spending forced him to

call parliament for new taxes in mid 17th century

non noble house of parliament was known as

house of commons

what did the house of commons do when charles I called on parliament for new taxes

resisted his call for taxes, and took the opportunity to pass laws that made parliament a permanent identity - one that could not be called or dismissed by the king

when did parliament and charles I began to dispute over their role, what did charles I do

attempted to disband parliament and arrest outspoken members

most of the people charles i arrested were

gentry, and most gentry were puritan

puritans interpreted the arrests as an

attack not only on their political power as the gentry, but also as an attack on their religious beliefs

under leadership of _, a civil war broke out between gentry and king

oliver cromwell

oliver cromwell led a

civil between gentry and king

economic and military power of the new gentry class were led mostly by

puritans

economic and military power of the new gentry class were _ and what happened because of that

too much for royal forces to handle, and charles I was defeated and later executed

oliver cromwell was _, but he _

successful in leading gentry to victory, but he sooon began to act as a tyrant himself

oliver cromwell’s tyrannical actions

banned all nobles from Parliament, abolished the monarchy, and used military force to create laws until his death in 1658

charles i’s son, charles ii returned to power and

many of changes brought to parliament remained

after civil war, parliament could now

 convene without being dismissed by the king, and also now was required to approve all new taxes and funding for the king

netherlands were a

state without monarchy, merchants and bankers quickly gained political power

netherlands was a setup of

republican oligarchy of the wealthy few

nobles of the robe

group of French aristocrats who made up the Second Estate in Pre-Revolutionary France (along with the older nobility

nobles of the robe men often

judicial or administrative posts, wielded great non-military power, and some also contributed to the development of Enlightenment thought, such as Baron de Montesquieu