Prevention/Care of Athletic Injury: BBP and Universal Precautions

How are bloodborne pathogens transmitted?

• through contact with blood or other bodily fluids

examples of BBP

• hepatitis

• hepatitis B

• HIV

What are the most common pathogens?

• bacteria

• viruses

• parasites

• fungi

What is a infectious disease?

• invasion of a host (animal or person) by a microorganism (pathogen)

What are three types of transmissions of infectious diseases?

• contact of body surfaces - touching/sexual intercourse

• Droplet spread - inhalation of air droplets

• Fecal-oral spread - feces on hands—→contact with mouth

How do pathogens enter the body?

• skin

• respiratory system

• digestive system

• reproductive system

The ability to generate infection depends on what?

• acquired immunity

• overall health

• health-related behavior

What does the immune system do?

• eliminates microorganisms, foreign particles, and antigens

what is acquired immunity?

• the body’s ability to develop protection against a specific pathogen after being exposed to it or receiving a vaccine

Active immunity

• your own immune system produces antibodies and memory cells in response to an antigen

Artificial active immunity

• you receive a vaccine that stimulates your immune system to develop protection

Passive immunity

• you receive antibodies that were produced by another person or organism

Natural passive immunity

• mother transfers antibodies to her baby through placenta or breast milk

Artificial passive immunity

• you receive an antibody injection

Sporadic

• occasional occurrence

Endemic

• regular cases often occurring in a region

Epidemic

• unusually high number of cases in a region

• spreading through large population

Pandemic

• global epidemic

• several countries, continents, whole world

How are infectious diseases prevented?

• minimize transmission

• ensure immunization are up to date

• encourage healthy lifestyles in patients

• educate patients to take meds as directed

• food safety

• safe sex

• avoid wild animal bites

What does Hep B attack?

• liver

What does hep B cause?

• lifelong infection, cirrhosis, liver cancer, liver failure, death

Do vaccinated individuals have any risk of hep B infection?

• no

How does Hep B spread?

• unprotected sex

• sharing needles (direct blood contact)

How many health care workers contract HBV each year?

• 8700

How many health care workers die from HBV each year?

• 200

What are the most significant bloodborne pathogens?

• HBV

• HBC
  HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

What does HBC attack?

• the liver

How does HBC spread?

• sharing needles

• sex

• sharing toothbrushes/razors

• born to mom with hep C

symptoms of hep c

• none

• stomach pain

• vomiting

• yellow eyes or skin

Can HBC be cured?

• yes

What does HBC not spread through?

• breast feeding

• sharing eating utensils

• kissing, hugging, holding hands

• insect bites

• coughing or sneezing

What is HIV?

• retrovirus that combines with host cell

What cells does HIV infect?

• T cells

• B cells

• monocytes (macrophages)

Signs/symptoms HIV

• fever

• rash

• muscle aches

• chills

• fatigue

• mouth ulcers

• night sweats

• swollen lymph nodes

What is aids?

• last stage of HIV infection

What increases/decreases as HIV advances to AIDS?

• HIV in body increases

• CD4 cells decrease

Without HIV meds, how long before HIV advances to aids?

• 10 years

What acts says infected (HIV) athletes cannot be discriminated against?

• Americans with Disabilities Act

What % of AIDS develops within 10 years of HIV infection?

• 50

people generally die within how many years after contracting AIDS?

• 2

What % is HIV transmitted through unprotected sex?

• 80

Before participation, what should be covered with dressing that will not allow transmission?

• open wounds and lesions

When are athletes with active bleeding removed from participation?

• immediately

When should bloody uniforms be changed?

• immediately

Hands should be ___ between patients?

• washed

What has to be documented if an athlete is exposed?

• exposure route

• identification of source

• blood test, counseling

• evaluation of illness