Electromagnetic Radiation

what is electromagnetic radiation?

an electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light—- NO mass just energy

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A way of ordering or grouping the different electromagnetic radiations

What is frequency?

the number of cycles per second (hertz)

Moving electricity creates:

A magnetic field

wavelengths range from

106 to 10-16 meters (m)

Frequencies range from

102 to 1024 hertz (Hz)

if frequency goes up

wavelength goes down

If wavelength goes up

frequency goes down

if you increase distance

you will receive ¼ (25%) of the radiation

members of the electromagnetic spectrum:

have the same velocity

What has the lowest energy on the electromagnetic spectrum?

radio waves and microwaves

What has the highest energy on the electromagnetic spectrum?

x-rays and gamma rays

The range of energy, frequency, and wavelength of the

electromagnetic spectrum is:

continuous

what is a form of energy that originates from the atom, Can exist apart from matter, and can travel through a vacuum?

Electromagnetic radiation

Energy and frequency of electromagnetic radiation are

related

Mathematically

Energy ranges from:

10^-12 to 10^10 Electron Volts (eV)

what is wave-particle duality?

Electromagnetic radiation exhibits properties of a wave

or a particle depending on its energy and in some cases

its environment.

What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?

Inverse

Wavelength is generally expressed in ___

Meters

Frequency is generally expressed in

Hertz

frequency + wavelength =

Velocity

Electromagnetic radiation can also be characterized by

How it interacts with matter

The intensity of electromagnetic radiation

diminishes through distance

X-rays and gamma rays have characteristics of

waves and particles

What on the electromagnetic spectrum can burn skin, have their intensity vary according to inverse square log, and have the ability to ionize matter?

x-rays and gamma rays

what is a photon?

smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy

the energy of a photon is directly proportional to what?

Its frequency

what is sometimes used to beam information between electronic devices?

infrared light

What is a tiny portion of the electromagnetic spectrum?

Visible light

photons have

no mass, no charge, travel at the speed of light

CT is by what on the electromagnetic spectrum?

microwaves

ultraviolet light has energies those of

x-ray and gamma rays

can ultraviolet be harmful?

Yes may cause molecular interactions or stimulate melanin production in skin cells

x-rays and gamma rays originate from

different energy sources

Alpha particles are made up of

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Beta particles are made up of:

electrons that are emitted from unstable nuclei

Out of alpha and beta particles, which one is lighter and smaller?

beta particles

What particle may ionize atoms along their paths?

Beta particles

What particle may have a positive or negative net charge?

Beta particles

What is a positively charged beta particle called?

positron

When beta particles are stopped by collisions with other

atoms, what happens?

They join with atoms just as electrons do

what is not on the electromagnetic spectrum?

Alpha and beta particles

x-rays originate:

outside the nucleus between electrons and atoms

Gamma rays originate:

inside the nucleus and represent the excess energy the atom is giving off to reach a stable state.

What two on the electromagnetic spectrum can ionize matter?

x-rays and gamma rays

What is emitted from an electron cloud of an atom that has been artificially stimulated?

x-rays

What is emitted from the nucleus from a radioactive atom

Gamma rays

What is often delt with in nuclear and therapy radiation and from the particulate radiation

alpha and beta particles

Elements that are composed of atoms with unstable nuclei are said to be

Radioactive

a general term for the process by which an atom with excess energy in its nucleus emits particles

Radioactivity

energy to regain stability

Radioactive decay

the length of time it takes for half the remaining atoms in an amount of the element to decay.

A half-life

What charge are Alpha particles?

Net positive charge

Can alpha particles penetrate objects easily?

No, they are relatively large