JUST 102 Introduction to Criminal Justice Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts, constitutional amendments, court procedures, policing styles, and legal terms from the JUST 102 Practice Test Guide.

Booking

The stage in criminal procedure following arrest that involves identification, mugshots, phone calls, and searches.

Initial Appearance

A court proceeding held within 24 hours of arrest where the defendant's identity and rights are confirmed, and counsel or a public defender is appointed.

Arraignment

The stage in court progression where charges are formally read to the defendant and a plea is entered.

Nolo Contendere

A type of pleading act entered at the Arraignment stage alongside guilty or not guilty.

Mapp v. Ohio and Weeks v. U.S.

Landmark Supreme Court cases that established rules regarding how evidence must be gathered to protect individuals against unreasonable government intrusion.

4th Amendment

Constitutional amendment protecting against unreasonable search and seizure and requiring probable cause.

5th Amendment

Constitutional amendment providing protection against self-incrimination and guaranteeing general Due Process.

6th Amendment

Constitutional amendment ensuring procedural trial rights (speedy, public, impartial jury), witness confrontation, and the right to legal counsel or lawyer representation.

Watchman Style

A policing style focused primarily on order maintenance, discretionary harmony, and communal harmony.

Legalistic Style

A policing style emphasizing precise, letter-of-the-law enforcement and strict adherence to statutes.

Service Style

A policing style focused on helping the community and social service orientation over strict legal enforcement.

Actus Reus

The physical acts associated with a crime, distinguished from mental states by legal professionals.

Mens Rea

The mental states associated with a crime, distinguished from physical acts by legal professionals.

Misdemeanor vs. Felony

Categories used by legal professionals to distinguish crimes based on severity and incarceration length.