Phys Eco Exam 2 Section 6: Cold Environments & Heat Conservation
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9 Terms
Why do most cold-water fish lose substantial heat?
Water passing over the gills for O₂ exchange causes unavoidable heat loss.
Can most fish maintain body temperature above ambient water?
No.
What is countercurrent heat exchange?
Heat transfer between nearby blood vessels carrying blood in opposite directions.
How does countercurrent heat exchange reduce heat loss?
Heat from warm outgoing blood warms cooler incoming blood, conserving internal heat.
How can endotherms increase heat production in cold environments?
Increased metabolic rate, specific dynamic action, muscular activity, shivering, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
How can digestion contribute to heat production?
Specific dynamic action, including fermentation, generates heat.
What is a drawback of voluntary muscular activity for heat production?
The heat dissipates quickly.
How can endotherms reduce heat loss?
Behavior, insulation, blood-flow adjustments, peripheral heterothermy, and whole-body heterothermy.
What behaviors reduce heat loss?
Huddling and changes in posture.