Exam 3: Bureaucracy, Media, Civil Liberties, and Civil Rights

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering bureaucratic concepts, types of language, journalism, constitutional amendments, and key civil rights legislation and court cases.

The Bureaucracy

An organization characterized by hierarchical structure, worker specialization, explicit rules, and advancement by merit.

Explicit Rules

The standard in bureaucratic jobs where positions are governed by formal rules rather than by bureaucrats' own feelings or judgements about how the job should be done.

Euphemism

Inoffensive or positive words used to avoid a harsh, unpleasant reality.

Jargon

The specialized language of a trade or profession that serves as verbal shorthand within a group and is not doublespeak.

Bureaucratese

Piling on words or overwhelming the audience with words.

Inflated Language

Language designed to make the ordinary seem extraordinary.

Journalism

The process and profession of collecting and disseminating the news to inform citizens as a form of civic duty.

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalism presented through sensationalized organs of half-truth and lies, usually associated with large daily papers.

Muckraking

A style of investigative reporting and journalism that uncovered many scandals and abuse.

Tabloid News

Simplistic or sensationalist news printed on small pages covering celebrity news, scandal news, or topics seen on TMZ.

Civil Liberty

Individual freedom guaranteed to the people primarily by the Bill of Rights.

1st Amendment

Guarantees freedom of speech.

2nd Amendment

Guarantees the right to bear arms/guns.

3rd Amendment

Protects against the quartering of troops.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable search and seizure.

5th Amendment

Guarantees due process and protects against double jeopardy.

6th Amendment

Guarantees the right to a trial by jury, the right to counsel, and a speedy trial.

7th Amendment

Guarantees a civil trial by jury.

8th Amendment

Protects against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th Amendment

Protects rights not explicitly listed in the Constitution, referred to as inalienable rights.

10th Amendment

Protects the powers and rights of the states.

Civil Rights

Citizenship rights guaranteed to the people, specifically minority rights.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Made former slaves citizens and guaranteed equal protection and due process.

15th Amendment

Guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race.

19th Amendment

Guaranteed the right for women to vote.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age to 18, granting youth the right to vote.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Established the constitutionality of the "separate but equal" principle.

Brown v. The Board of Education

Rejected the idea that separate could be equal in education, serving as a catalyst for the civil rights movement.

Civil Rights Act (1964)

Legislation that outlawed major forms of discrimination against blacks and women, including racial segregation.