HonorsBio- Unit 9: Metabolism

ATP

adenosine triphosphate; cellular energy; fully charged battery

Autotroph

organisms that can make their own glucose; "self-feeder"

Heterotroph

organisms that obtain glucose from consuming other organisms; "different-feeder"

Photosynthesis

the chemical reaction in which water, carbon dioxide, and light produce oxygen and glucose

Cellular respiration

the chemical reaction in which oxygen and glucose produce water, carbon dioxide, and ATP

Chlorophyll

the pigment within plants that attracts light energy; reflects green

Fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

the production of ATP in the absence of oxygen

Mitochondria

location within the cell where cellular respiration takes place

Chloroplast

location within the cell where photosynthesis takes place

Alcoholic fermentation

process in which yeast cells produce ATP without oxygen

Lactic acid fermentation

process in which muscle cells produce ATP without oxygen

Chemosynthesis

metabolic reaction in which organisms make glucose without light

Metabolism

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Lipid

provides 9 calories of energy per gram

Carbohydrates/ proteins

provides 4 calories of energy per gram