APUSH Period 2 (1607-1754) Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering European colonization, British colonial regions, trade systems, and conflicts with American Indians during APUSH Period 2 (1607-1754).

Encomienda system

A colonial system used by Spain that gave colonists control over Native labor, which was later replaced by repartimiento.

Casta system

A Spanish racial hierarchy consisting of peninsulares, creoles, mestizos, and mulattoes.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

A 1680 uprising that drove the Spanish out of New Mexico for about 12 years.

New Netherland

A Dutch colony featuring New Amsterdam run by the Dutch West India Company, focused on trade and religious tolerance until England took it in 1664 and renamed it New York.

New England Colonies

British colonial region (Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, South Maine) characterized economically by fishing, shipbuilding, small farms, and trade, and socially by Puritans, tight-knit towns, and a strong emphasis on education.

Middle Colonies

British colonial region (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Connecticut) known as the 'Breadbasket' (wheat, grain) and trade, marked by diverse populations, religious tolerance, and Quakers in Pennsylvania who had the best relationship with natives.

Chesapeake Colonies

British colonial region (Virginia, Maryland) with an economy based on tobacco, indentured servants, and later enslaved Africans for labor, featuring dispersed plantations, Anglican faith, and a wealth gap.

Southern/Lower South Colonies

British colonial region (Carolinas, Georgia) based economically on rice, indigo, and large plantations, featuring a large enslaved population and a planter elite.

Jamestown (1607)

The first permanent English settlement established in 1607.

Headright system

A system in which 50 acres of land were granted for paying a person's passage to the colonies.

House of Burgesses (1619)

The first representative body in the colonies, serving as an example of self-governing in Jamestown.

Mayflower Compact (1620)

An early self-government agreement established in 1620.

Great Migration

The movement of Puritans to New England in the 1630s.

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson

Dissenters who challenged Puritan authority and created their own colony of Rhode Island.

William Penn

The Quaker founder of Pennsylvania.

Mercantilism

An economic policy based on the principle that colonies exist to enrich the mother country by supplying raw materials and buying its manufactured goods.

Navigation Acts

Acts mandating that colonial trade had to go through England on English ships.

Triangular trade

A trade network in which manufactured goods went to Africa, enslaved people to the Americas (the Middle Passage), and sugar, rum, and tobacco back to Europe.

Salutary neglect

A period in which Britain loosely enforced trade laws, allowing the colonies to build habits of self-government.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of crops, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic, where diseases like smallpox devastated Native populations.

Powhatan Wars

A series of conflicts between Virginia colonists and Powhatan American Indians over land.

Pequot War (1637)

A 1637 conflict in which New England colonists destroyed the Pequot.

King Philip's War (1675-76)

A Native uprising in New England led by Metacom that failed, leaving the Native position much weaker.

Bacon's Rebellion (1676)

A 1676 uprising in which frontier settlers in Virginia attacked Natives and challenged the colonial government, which ultimately pushed planters toward enslaved labor.