biology-P1 cell biology (building block of life)

What is a eukaryotic cell

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists

What is a prokaryotic cell

A much smaller cell that does not contain a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, such as a bacterium

What is the function of the nucleus

Contains genetic material (DNA) that controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A jelly-like fluid where most chemical reactions take place

What is the function of the cell membrane

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

What is the function of mitochondria

Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell

What is the function of ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis

What is the function of chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll

What is the function of the permanent vacuole

Filled with cell sap to support the plant and maintain turgidity

What is the function of the cell wall

Made of cellulose to strengthen and support the plant cell

What is a specialised cell

A cell that has adapted unique structures to perform a specific function

How is a sperm cell adapted

Has a long tail for swimming, a streamlined head, many mitochondria for energy, and an acrosome containing enzymes to penetrate the egg

How is a root hair cell adapted

Has a large surface area to absorb water and mineral ions efficiently

What is magnification

How many times larger an image is compared to the actual object

What is the formula for magnification

Magnification equals image size divided by actual size (magnification = image size / actual size)

What is resolution

The ability to distinguish between two separate points, determining the level of detail

What are the advantages of an electron microscope over a light microscope

Much higher magnification and much higher resolution

What is the cell cycle

A series of stages in which cells divide to grow, develop, and repair damage

What is mitosis

A type of cell division where a cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells

What are chromosomes

Coiled strands of DNA molecules containing many genes

What is a stem cell

An undifferentiated cell of an organism which is capable of dividing to give rise to many more cells of the same type, and can differentiate into other cell types

What is a meristem

Plant tissue containing undifferentiated cells that can divide and allow plants to make new cells for growth

What is diffusion

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

What factors affect the rate of diffusion

Concentration gradient, temperature, and surface area of the membrane

What is osmosis

The diffusion of water molecules from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

What is active transport

The movement of substances against a concentration gradient from a lower concentration to a higher concentration, which requires energy from respiratio