Azeotropes and Colligative Properties

Flashcards covering key concepts related to azeotropes and colligative properties.

Azeotropes

Solutions that boil at a constant temperature and distil out without change in composition.

Minimum boiling azeotrope

Azeotropes that show positive deviation and have a boiling point lower than either of the pure components.

Maximum boiling azeotrope

Azeotropes that show negative deviation and have a boiling point higher than either of the pure components.

Colligative properties

Properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles and not on the nature of the solute.

Relative lowering of vapor pressure

The decrease in vapor pressure when a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, equal to the mole fraction of the solute.

Elevation in boiling point

The increase in boiling point of a solution compared to the boiling point of the pure solvent.

Depression in freezing point

The decrease in freezing point of a solution compared to the freezing point of the pure solvent.

Osmotic pressure

The pressure required to stop osmosis, or the pressure needed to counteract the flow of solvent into the solution.

Van't Hoff factor (i)

A ratio that expresses the extent of dissociation or association of solute molecules in a solution.

Non-volatile solute

A solute that does not contribute to vapor pressure and thus leads to a decrease in the vapor pressure of the solution.