Human Anatomy Unit 1 Test

*** On Thursday, Sept 16

anatomy

studies the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

gross anatomy

study of large body structures visible to the eye

microscopic anatomy

study of structures too small for the naked eye

systemic anatomy

study system by system

regional anatomy

study region by region

surface anatomy

studies internal structures related to external ones

cytology

study of cells

histology

study of tissues

physiology

science of the function, how all body parts work

sagittal plane

divides the body into left and right sections

frontal/coronal plane

divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections

oblique plane

a combination of two other planes that never goes directly horizontal or vertical

dorsal body cavity

protects the nervous system and is divided into the cranial and vertebral cavities.

cranial body cavity

within the skull and encases the brain

vertebral body cavity

runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord

ventral body cavity

houses the internal organs and is divided into two subdivisions, the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

thoracic body cavity

subdivided into pleural cavities, the mediastinum, and the pericardial cavity.

pleural body cavity

each houses and lung

mediastinum body cavity

contains the pericardial cavity, and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs

pericardium body cavity

encloses the heart

abdominopelvic body cavity

superated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphram, composed of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.

abdominal body cavity

contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, etc

pelvic body cavity

lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

oral body cavity

mouth

synovial body cavity

joint cavities

nasal body cavity

located within and posterior to the nose

cranial

head/skull

facial

face

frontal

forehead

orbital

eyes

ocular

eyes

occipital

base of skull

buccal

cheek

otic

ear

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

mental

chin

cervical

neck

thoracic

chest above the diaphram

mammary

breastbone

pectoral

anterior chest wall

sternal

middle of upper chest (sternum)

abdominal

front below the diaphram and above the pelvis

umbilical

belly button

coxal

hip

pubic

private parts

pelvic

pelvis

inguinal

groin (inner part of where leg meets body)

femoral

thigh

patellar

anterior knee

crural

shin

fibular

lateral side of lower leg

tarsal

ankle

pedal

foot

digital

fingers and toes

phalangeal

fingers and toes

axillary

armpit

deltoid

upper shoulder

brachial

upper arm (bicept)

antecubital

inner elbow

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm of hand

scapular

posterior shoulder blade

vertebral

spinal column

dorsal

back

lumbar

lower back

sacral

inbetween hip bones

acromial

point of shoulder

olecranal

back of elbow

mental

chin

gluteal

butt

popliteal

posterior knee

sural

calf

calcaneal

heel

plantar

sole of foot

anterior

towards the front of the body

posterior

towards the back of the body

dorsal

towards the back

ventral

towards the belly

superior

towards the top

inferior

towards the bottom

cephalic

towards the head

caudal

towards the tail

medial

towards the midline

intermediate

inbetween medial and lateral

lateral

toward the sides

superficial

towards the surface

deep

towards the inside

proximal

toward the base

distal

away from the base

hierarchy of organization (small - big) (what is living)

molecule, cell (living), tissue, organ, organ system, organism

integumentary organ system

maintains boundaries and forms the body’s external covering. Contains the skin, hair, and nails

skeletal organ system

protects and supports body organs and provides a framework for muscles. Consists of bones and joints.

muscular organ system

allows manipluation of the environment (motion). Consists of skeletal muscles

nervous organ system

moniters the body’s internal and external environments and sends fast signals through the body in response to stimuli. Consists of central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, receptors, and nerves.

cardiovascular organ system

transports blood and dissolves materials; blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wate. Consists of heart, veins, and blood vessels.

respiratory organ system

keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. consists of lungs, nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchus

digestive organ system

processes food and absorbs nutrients, indigestible food is eliminated as feces. Consits of esophagus, liver, large intestine, anus, and stomach.

lymphatic/immune organ system

picks up fluid leaked form blood, disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells. Consists of thymus, lymphatic vessels, spleen, and red bone marrow.