A&P 2 Endocrine System and Glands

Pituitary Gland

located on ventral surface of brain. made up of anterior/posterior glands, control center for releasing hormones

growth hormone

promotes growth of bone, muscle, and other tissues by accelerating amino acid transport into cells.

stimulates fat metabolism by mobilizing lipids from storage and speeding up catabolism of lipids

functions as an insulin antagonist

prolactin

production and secretion of milk

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

˜Promotes and maintains the growth and development of the thyroid

ØCauses the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

˜Promotes and maintains the normal growth and development of the cortex of the adrenal gland

ØStimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete some of its hormones

Follicle-stimulating hormone

regulates the reproductive system

Luteinizing hormone

stimulates the release of testosterone, testes/ovaries

Hypothalamus

secretes releasing hormones into the blood

Hypophyseal

portal system carries blood from the hypothalamus directly to the adenohypophysis

neurohypophysis

˜serves as a storage and release site for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin(OT)

Oxytocin

ØStimulates the contraction of uterine muscles that occurs during and after childbirth, which is regulated by a positive feedback mechanism

antidiuretic hormone

ØPrevents the formation of a large volume of urine, thereby helping the body to conserve water

Pineal gland

˜Tiny, pine nut–shaped structure located on the dorsal aspect of the brain’s diencephalon region, produces melatonin

Adrenal cortex

Composed of endocrine tissue

Adrenal medulla

Composed of neurosecretory tissue

Glucagon

˜Tends to increase blood glucose levels and to stimulate gluconeogenesis in liver cells

Insulin

Lowers the blood concentration of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids and promotes their metabolism by tissue cells

Somatostatin

Primary role is regulating the other endocrine cells of the pancreatic islets

Pancreatic polypeptide

Influences the digestion and distribution of food molecules to some degree

Thymus

large in children and begins to atrophy at puberty; by old age, it is a vestige of fat and fibrous tissue

what’s a hormone?

a chemical that when acting on a

cell, excites or initiates a response