COSS/OSHA Exam LSU CM 2215

OSHA's focus four injuries are:

Falls

Caught in

Struck by

Electrical

What is OSHA's mission?

to save lives and prevent injuries.

What is OSHA's primary method of enforcement of safety regulations?

worksite inspections

Why was OSHA formed?

injures and illnesses were increasing

When was OSHA singed into place and by who?

President Nixon in December of 1970

What is OSHA's inspection priority? In Order

Imminent danger

Fatality or hospitalizations

Worker complaints/referrals

Targeted Inspections- Local Emphasis Program, National Emphasis Program, particular hazards, or industries

Follow-up Inspections

What are the four types of OSHA citations?

Willful

Serious

Other-Than-Serious

Repeated

What is the fine for a Willful Citation?

$134,937

What is the fine for a Serious Citation?

$13,494

What is the fine for a Other-Than-Serious Citation?

$13,494

What is the fine for a Repeated Citation?

$134,937

What does PPE stand for?

personal protective equipment

What are the effects of injures and illnesses in the workplace?

Lower morale

Increases costs to retrain workers.

Slower production rates

Higher turnover

Increases worker's compensation rate

What Clause sates that employers must proved a workplace free from recognized hazards?

general duty clause (section 5(a)(1))

Where are OSHA standards found?

Title 29 CFR

What part contains record keeping standards?

Part 1904

What part contains general industry standards?

Part 1910

What part contains construction standards?

Part 1926

What does a horizontal standard apply to?

all industries

What does a vertical standard apply to?

only to certain industries

How are direct costs usually paid?

by submitting claims to insurance companies

What is an example of a direct cost?

medical costs, physical therapy, repair costs for damaged equipment, continuation of pay, administrative

Are indirect costs easy to identify and quantify?

No

How are indirect costs usually paid?

by the company

What is an example of an indirect costs?

loss of efficiency by breakup of crew, loss time by supervisor, cost of breaking in new worker.

What is a company's Experience Modification Rate determined by?

the company's own record of accidents and losses

How do you calcite the Experience Modification Rate?

actual losses/ expected losses

What does incident rates allow?

comparative level of injuries between different industries, organizations, or operations.

What is the formula fro incident rate?

# of incidents x 2,000 workers / 100 workers

What is the typical incident rate formula bases on?

100 workers working 2,000 hours per year.

What does TRIR stand for?

Total Recordable Incident Rate

What does DART stand for?

Days Away Restricted or Transfer

When must employers provide fall protection?

when 6 feet or more above lower level

What are the three types of convention fall protection?

Guardrail system

Safety net systems

Personal fall arrest systems

What does a guardrail consist of?

- Top rail that must be 42 inches high ± 3 inches and hold 200 lbs.

- Mid-rail that must be halfway and hold 150 lbs.

- Toe Board rail that must be 4 inches high and hold 50 lbs.

What does a PFAS consist of?

- Anchorage point that can hold 5,000 lbs. per worker.

- Body Harness

- Connector/Lanyard

What should the maximum deceleration distance for a complete stop be when stopping a fall?

3.5 feet

What should the personal fall arrest systems be rigged to such that a employee fall more than so feet or contact any lower level?

18.5 feet

How far should safety nets be placed?

as close as practicable

Should safety nets be dropped tested?

yes

When mechanical equipment is being used perpendicular to the roof edge, the warning lines cannot be closer than

10 feet

OSHA requires that scaffolding being erected, moved, dismantled, or altered be supervised by a

qualified person

On temporary stairs, handrails (to provide adequate handholds for employees grasping to prevent falling) shall have a minimum clearance of

3 inches between the handrail and walls

A controlled decking zone can only be used as fall protection up to a maximum height of

30 feet

What equals a injury?

hazard plus exposure

The best method to prevent injuries is to

prevent hazard

The second-best way to prevent injuries is to

eliminate hazard

The third best way to prevent an injury is to

control exposure

The preferred method to control exposure is to

engineer

The second-best way to control exposure is to

administrative control technique

The least preferred way to control exposure is to

PPE

What are the three parts of an OSHA inspection?

- An opening conference- brief meeting during which the OSHA inspector will explain the purpose of the inspection.

- A worksite "walkaround"- the actual inspection

- A closing conference- disclose any violations and hazards (fines are not discussed)

Which companies have focuses OSHA inspections?

construction companies

When the OSHA CSHO arrives at a site to conduct a focused inspection, they will determine:

- Determine whether ether there is a project coordination by the general contractor.

- Review the project's safety and health program/plan for adequacy and the plan meets the requirements of 29 CFR 1926 Subpart C.

- Determine if there is a competent person.

If the CSHO does not find that a company qualifies for a focused inspection, they will receive a

comprehensive inspection

The purpose of an OSHA compliance directive (CPL) is to insure

consistent enforcement of OSHA regulations.

The four types and definitions of employers in a multi-employer situation are.

- Creating employer- employer that caused or creates a hazardous condition that violation OSHA.

- Exposing employer- an employer whose own employees are exposed to the hazard, even if they did not create the hazard.

- Correcting employer- common undertaking, same worksite as exposing employer and responsible for correcting a hazard.

Controlling employer- general supervisory authority with power to correct or require others to correct by contract or in practice

For an employer to provide a defense against a citation in a multi-employer situation, the employer must show the following.

- The employer did not cause the hazard to exist.

- The employer did not directly control conditions causing the hazard.

- The employer has taken reasonable steps to notify the party charged with the cause and control the problem,

- The employer has taken reasonable steps to keep his/her employees away from the hazard.

OSHA defines an excavation as any man-made cut, cavity, trench, or depression in the earth's surface formed by

earth removal

A trench is defined as a narrow underground excavation that is

deeper than it is wide

Cave-in protection is required for all excavations greater than

5 feet in depth unless they are entirely in solid stable rock

A ladder must be provided every

25 feet for excavations greater than 4 feet in depth

Spoil piles, material, and equipment must be kept

2 feet from the excavation

Excavation inspections must be conducted

DAILY and before start of work

Excavation inspections must be conducted to determine soil

classification

Cave-in protection includes:

- Sloping

- Shoring

- Shielding

- Benching

Natural solid mineral material that can be excavated with vertical sides

Stable Rock

cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 1.5 tons per square foot tsf.

Type A

cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength greater than 0.5 tsf but less than 1.5 tsf.

Type B

cohesive soils with an unconfined compressive strength of 0.5 tsf or less

Type C

Type A soil can be sloped at a ratio of 1/2: 1 if the excavation will be open for less than 24 hours and is less than

12 feet in depth

Any excavation more than ___ feet in depth requires a qualified person to design the protection

20

The classification of soil shall be made based on the results of at least one visual and one _________ analysis conducted by a competent person.

manual

Inspections must be done by a

competent person

What are the four steps in conducting a JSA?

Identify the hob to be examined.

Identify the steps or elements of the job.

Identify the hazards of each key step.

Identify the control to address to each hazard.

A safety audit is a ___________ in nature while inspections are qualitative

tool/quantitative

An audit compares actual performance to a set _______.

standard

OSHA record keeping requirements are contained in 29 CFR _______ , which is a horizontal standard applying to __________ companies regulated by OSHA.

1904

construction

Businesses regulated by OSHA may be exempt from these standards for two reasons,:

number of employees or classification of business.

Companies cannot employ over ____ employees at any point during the calendar year to claim the size exemption.

10

Companies must have a ____-risk SIC or NAICS code to claim the type of exemption.

low

How long after a fatalities should they be reported?

8 hours

How long after a hospitalizations, amputations, or loss of eye should they be reported?

24 hours

An employer must report any employee even if not on your payroll if you ______ them on a day-to-day basis.

supervise

What is the OSHA Form 301?

injury and illness incident report

What is the OSHA From 300?

log of work-related injures

OSHA Form 300A is the ___________ Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses

annual

Form 301 and 300 must be filled out within __ days of receiving information that a recordable case has occurred.

7

The OSHA 300A must be certified by a company __________ and posted in a prominent location from ___________.

executive

February 1st to April 30th.

How long should records be maintained?

5 years

What is a PLHCP?

physician or other licensed health care professional

For a count of days on OSHA forms, ALL calendar days are counted starting the day _____ the injury takes place with a cap of _____ days.

after

180

What is an injury or illness?

an abnormal condition or disorder

What are the four modes of entry for most hazards?

inhalation

ingestion

absorption

injection

Dusts, fumes, & mists are measured _________.

in weight per unit of volume. (mg/m^3)

Gasses and Vapors are measured ___________.

in volume of contaminant per volume of air sampled (ppm)

What is PEL mean?

Permissible Exposure Limit

What is a TLV?

Threshold Limit Value

What is a TLV-TWA?

Time Weighted Average and lasts for 8 hour days or 40-hour week.

What is a TLV-STEL?

Short-Term Exposure Limit and lasts for 15 minutes.