Chapter 27: The Islamic Empires

The Mughal ruler who constructed the Taj Mahal was

Shah Jahan

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires were all

Islamic

The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires all originally came from

nomadic, Turkish-speaking tribes

The founder of the Ottoman dynasty was

Osman Bey

The word ghazi refers to

Muslim religious warriors

Which of the following empires was inspired by its status as an Islamic outpost on the border of the Christian world?

Ottoman

The Ottoman institution that provided Balkan slaves for the formation of the Janissaries was the

devshirme

The Ottoman ruler who captured Constantinople was

Mehmed II

In the sixteenth century, the Ottomans captured

Egypt and Syria

Süleyman the Magnificent won his greatest victory and killed the king of Hungary at the battle of

Mohács

Khayr al-Din Barbarossa Pasha was the

admiral who carried Ottoman naval power into the Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean

The Islamic leader who converted to Twelver Shiism was

Shah Ismail

Central to the belief of Twelver Shiism was the idea that

 the twelfth infallible imam was still alive and would return to spread his faith.

The Safavids traced their ancestry back to the leader Safi al-Din, who was what religion?

Sufi

Shah Ismail received the greatest support for his conversion to Twelver Shiism from the

the qizilbash

At the battle of Chaldiran in 1514

the Ottomans defeated the Safavids

The leader of the Safavid empire at its peak was

Shah Abbas

Zahir al-Din Muhammad’s main inspiration for conquering India was to

 win fame and conquer territory like his ancestor Chinggis Khan

The founder of the Mughal dynasty, and a descendant of Chinggis Khan and Tamerlane, was

Zahir al-Din Muhammad

Which of the following rulers displayed the greatest amount of religious toleration?

Akbar

Akbar’s answer to the religious diversity and tension of India was to

 create a syncretic religion called the “divine faith” that all could worship.

The Mughal empire reached its greatest geographic extent during the reign of

Aurangzeb

The Mughal emperor Aurangzeb

 reversed the religious toleration of Akbar and began to tax the Hindus

The steppe tradition that caused the greatest problem for the Islamic empires was the

bl00dy competition among heirs to the throne

Hürrem Sultana was

a concubine who had tremendous influence over Süleyman the Magnificent

Because of protests from moralists, the Ottoman sultan Murad IV

outlawed coffee and tobacco

In the three hundred years after 1500, the population of India grew from 105 million to

190 million

Sikhism was a syncretic combination of

Hinduism and Islam.

The jizya was the tax paid by

non-Muslims for being in an Islamic country

The Islamic leader who abolished the jizya was

Akbar

Süleyman the Magnificent called on Sinan Pasha to

create the religious complex known as the Süleymaniye.

The Ottomans took the Byzantine cathedral Hagia Sofia and

converted it into the mosque of Aya Sofya

What Islamic city was the most precious jewel for urban architectural development?

Isfahan

Fatehpur Sikri was

the capital city that Akbar built

Shah Jahan was unable to finish the construction of the Taj Mahal because

he was overthrown by his son Aurangzeb

Which of the following factors was NOT one of the reasons for the decline of the Islamic empires?

a collapse in the centuries-old civil service examination system

Piri Reis was responsible for

preparing the Book of Seafaring