Comprehensive Licensure Review: Understanding the Self, Educational Technology, and Rizal's Life and Works

Flashcards providing comprehensive coverage of key philosophical, psychological, biological, educational technology, and historical concepts from the lecture notes.

True Self according to Socrates

The philosophical concept that an individual's authentic essence is not defined by worldly possessions, social status, reputation, or the physical body, but resides solely in the immortal and unchanging soul.

Plato's Tripartite Soul

The doctrine dividing the human soul into three distinct aspects: the immortal rational soul located in the head, the courageous or spirited part in the chest, and the appetitive part in the abdomen.

Aristotle's Golden Mean

The ethical principle of living a life of moderation by avoiding extremes of excess and deficiency, maintaining that moral conduct exists in consonance with reason.

Mind-Body Dualism (Rene Descartes)

The philosophical view that the self consists of two distinct entities: an immaterial mind, which serves as the seat of consciousness, and an unreliable material body that cannot be fully trusted.

Tabula Rasa (John Locke)

The concept that the human mind begins as a blank slate at birth, with personal identity and knowledge being built entirely from sensory impressions and the association of ideas over time.

Embodied Experience (Maurice Merleau-Ponty)

The phenomenological theory that the mind and body are so inextricably intertwined that all conscious thoughts and perceptions occur through a physically embodied self.

Materialism (Paul Churchland)

The philosophical stance that nothing exists outside of physical matter, asserting that mental processes are purely biological phenomena produced by the physical brain rather than an immaterial mind.

Looking-Glass Self Theory (Charles Cooley)

A sociological theory stating that an individual's self-image develops through a three-step process of imagining how one appears to others, imagining how others judge that appearance, and formulating subjective emotional responses to those imagined judgments.

"I" and "ME" (George Herbert Mead)

Mead's sociological duality of self, where the "I" represents the spontaneous, natural, and existential identity, while the "ME" represents the conventionalized, cultured, and socialized individual.

Stratigraphic Approach

A conceptual pitfall in anthropology that stacks biological, psychological, social, and cultural models on top of one another without integrating or demonstrating the interrelationships between them.

"I" Self-as-Subject vs. "ME" Self-as-Object (William James)

William James's distinction between the self as an observing agent (the thinker or pure ego) and the self as an empirical object composed of material, social, and spiritual dimensions.

Signifier and Signified (Roland Barthes)

The two constituent elements of a sign, where the signifier refers to the physical material form of an object and the signified refers to the mental concept and psychological effect it produces on a person.

Wolffian System

The embryonic duct structure that has the potential to develop into internal male reproductive organs, specifically the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and seminal vesicles.

Mullerian System

The embryonic duct system with the developmental capacity to form into the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina.

SRY Gene

A genetic trigger on the Y chromosome that initiates the synthesis of SRY protein at approximately six weeks post-conception, causing the medulla of each primordial gonad to develop into testes.

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS)

A genetic abnormality wherein an individual with an XY chromosomal genotype develops an external female physical appearance due to mutated, unresponsive androgen receptors that prevent male internal duct formation.

5-Alpha-Reductase Deficiency

A congenital condition caused by a lack of the enzyme that converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone, causing genetic males to be born with ambiguous external genitalia who are often raised female until virilization occurs at puberty.

Cisgender

A term describing an individual whose gender identity corresponds directly to their biological sex assigned at birth.

Maternal Immune Hypothesis

The biological proposition that some mothers develop increasing immune responses against male-specific masculinizing antigens across successive pregnancies, potentially deactivating these hormones in later-born sons.

Kapwa Model (Virgilio Enriquez)

A foundational framework in Sikolohiyang Pilipino establishing Kapwa (shared identity) as the core value, supported by Pakiramdam (shared inner perception) as the pivotal interpersonal value guiding social interaction.

Ibang Tao vs. Hindi Ibang Tao

The primary socio-relational categories in Filipino psychology that distinguish interaction patterns toward outsiders (ranging from pakikitungo to pakikisama) from those toward insiders (ranging from pakikipagpalagayang-loob to pakikiisa).

Metacognition

The cognitive capability often defined as "thinking about thinking," involving both self-awareness and active regulation of one's own cognitive processes and learning strategies.

PQ4R Strategy

An active reading and study method consisting of six sequential steps: Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, and Review.

Self-Efficacy (Albert Bandura)

An individual's personal belief in their capacity to execute tasks and reach designated goals, cultivated through mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and somatic/emotional states.

Growth Mindset (Carol Dweck)

The psychological disposition where an individual views challenges as opportunities to learn, perceives effort as the route to mastery, and persists through setbacks rather than viewing intelligence as static.

ICT Literacy

The capability to utilize digital technology, communication tools, and networks to access, manage, integrate, evaluate, create, and communicate information within a knowledge-based society.

Republic Act 10929

A Philippine law enacted in 2016 mandating the provision of free internet access in public places across the nation to establish baseline digital access for citizens.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Web-delivered educational courses designed for large cohorts without geographic limitations or mandatory entry qualifications, providing comprehensive course components via the internet.

Flipped Classroom

An inverted blended-learning model where students first absorb instructional lecture content independently outside the classroom, reserving face-to-face class time for collaborative activities and teacher support.

Rule of Six

A visual presentation guideline stipulating that each presentation slide should not exceed six lines of text, with each line containing no more than six words.

Plagiarism vs. Copyright Infringement

A legal and ethical distinction where plagiarism constitutes an intellectual violation of an author's attribution rights, whereas copyright infringement constitutes an unauthorized economic violation of the copyright owner's legal rights.

PPPF Model (Smith and Nagel)

An instructional guideline formulated in 1972 directing educators to follow four structured phases: Prepare Yourself, Prepare Your Students, Present the Materials, and Follow-Up.

TPACK Framework (Mishra and Koehler)

A technology integration model identifying the complex intersections between Technological Knowledge (TK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), and Content Knowledge (CK) essential for effective teaching.

SAMR Model (Ruben Puentedura)

A four-tiered framework classifying technology use into Enhancement levels (Substitution and Augmentation) and Transformation levels (Modification and Redefinition).

ASSURE Model (Heinrich and Molenda)

A six-stage systematic instructional design model: Analyze learners, State objectives, Select methods, media, and materials, Utilize methods, media, and materials, Require learner participation, and Evaluate and revise.

Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience

A pictorial model arranging learning experiences into sequential bands according to their degree of abstraction rather than difficulty, ranging from direct purposeful experiences at the base to verbal symbols at the pinnacle.

Fishbone Diagram (Ishikawa Diagram)

A structured cause-and-effect visualization tool used to group and categorize potential roots leading to a central problem or outcome.

Pareto Chart

A specific type of bar chart that prioritizes categories of problems or data from left to right in descending order of frequency, magnitude, or relative importance.

Technology Integration Matrix (TIM)

A 25-cell framework assessing classroom technology adoption across five integration levels (Entry, Adoption, Adaptation, Infusion, Transformation) and five environment characteristics (Active, Collaborative, Constructive, Authentic, Goal-Directed).

Republic Act 1425 (Rizal Law)

Philippine legislation authored by Senator Claro M. Recto and enacted on June 12, 1956, mandating the compulsory inclusion of courses on Jose Rizal's life, works, and novels in all public and private schools, colleges, and universities.

Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos

A reference catalog of Spanish family names distributed under Governor General Narciso Claveria y Zaldua's Royal Decree of 1849, prompting the Mercado family to adopt the surname Rizal (derived from ricial, meaning a green field or second crop).

Roman and Carthaginian Empires (Ateneo Municipal)

The dual scholastic factions established at Ateneo de Manila to foster academic competition between classroom boarders (internos/Roman) and non-boarders (externos/Carthaginian), where Jose Rizal achieved the top rank of Emperor.

A La Juventud Filipina

A prize-winning poem composed by Jose Rizal in 1879 while studying in Ateneo, renowned for dedicating literary counsel to the youth as the "fair hope of my motherland."

Dimasalang

Jose Rizal's symbolic Masonic pseudonym adopted upon entering Acacia Lodge No. 9 of Freemasonry, translating in Tagalog to "untouchable."

Maximo Viola

The medical practitioner and friend celebrated as the "savior of Noli Me Tangere" for providing the necessary financial support to print the initial run of Rizal's novel in Berlin in 1887.

Valentin Ventura

The reformist ally remembered as the "savior of El Filibusterismo" who advanced the required capital to complete the printing of Rizal's second major novel in Ghent, Belgium in 1891.

Makamisa

Jose Rizal's unfinished third novel written in Tagalog using an ironic, satirical style, of which only two chapters were drafted before being abandoned.

Simoun

The central protagonist of El Filibusterismo, who is Juan Crisostomo Ibarra disguised as a wealthy, ruthless foreign jeweler seeking to provoke popular revolt against Spanish colonial authorities.

Kabesang Tales

A character in El Filibusterismo who turns into the feared outlaw chieftain Matanglawin after being dispossessed of his hard-earned agricultural lands through arbitrary friar land levies.

Pilosopo Tasyo (Don Anastasio)

A character in Noli Me Tangere regarded by townspeople as an eccentric madman due to his unconventional thoughts, but revered by Crisostomo Ibarra as a wise and visionary intellectual.