different types of cartilage

Location of Hyaline cartilage

Costal, Nose, articular cartilage of a joint, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea.

Location Elastic cartilage

external ear, epiglottis

Location of Fibrocartilage

Pubic symphysis, Meniscus in knee joints, in intervertebral discs

Articular cartilage

is composes of the connective tissue cartilage which contains no nerves no vessels

Perichondrium

Dense regular connective tissue, that function in the growth and repair of cartilage

Location of Perichondrium

Is around the cartilage, which acts like belt to resists outward expansion when the cartilage is subjected to pressure.

Hyaline cartilage

Which looks like frosted glass when viewed by the unaided eye, is the most abundant kind of cartilage. Its only fiber is collagen fiber

Elastic cartilage

is similar to hyaline cartilage, but its matrix contains many elastic fibers along with the delicate collagen fibrils

Fibrocartilage

is an unusual tissue that resists both strong compression and strong tension (pulling) forces.

appositional growth

“growth from outside,” cartilage-forming cells (chondroblasts) in the surrounding perichondrium produce the new cartilage tissue by actively secreting matrix.

Interstitial growth,

“growth from within,” the chondrocytes within the cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.

The bones

of the skeleton are organs because they contain several different tissues.

Function of bones

Support. Bones provide a hard framework that supports the weight of the body

Movement. Skeletal muscles attach to the bones by tendons and use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts.

Protection. The bones of the skull form a protective case for the brain.

Mineral storage. Bone serves as a reservoir for minerals, the most important of which are calcium and phosphate.

Blood cell formation and energy storage. Bones contain red and yellow bone marrow

Energy metabolism. Bone-producing cells, osteoblasts (described in the next section), secrete a hormone that influences blood sugar regulation and energy metabolism.

Osteoprogenitor cells pro = before, genic = producing)

are stem cells that differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

are cells that actively produce and secrete the organic components of the bone matrix:

Osteocytes

function to keep the bone matrix healthy.

Osteoclasts.

The cells responsible for the resorption of bone are the fourth type of cell found within bone tissue.

Classification of bones

Long bone: limbs and finger toes

short bone: carpal, tarsal

flat bone, ribs, scapular,

irregular bone: vertebra

compact bone

Dance outer layer of bone

spongy bone

internal network of bone

trabeculae

little beams

Diaphysis

form the long axis of a long bone

Epiphyses or epiphysis

end of a bone

Blood vessels

well vascularized

Medullary cavity

hollow cavity filled with yellow marrow

Membranes

Periosteum, endosteum, perforating collagen fiber bundles