Media And Information Literacy

Communication

the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information.

Source

a person, group, or entity that forms, creates, sends, or forwards a message or information

Message

the stimulus or meaning produced by the source for the receiver or audience (McLean, 2005)

Channel

the tool or manner in which the messages will be carried through from the source to the receiver

Receiver

receives the message from the source, analyzing and interpreting the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source (McLean, 2005)

Feedback

the message or response of the receiver which is sent back to the source

Environment

the atmosphere, physical and psychological, where you send and receive messages (McLean, 2005)

Context

The communication interaction involves the setting, scene, and expectations of the individuals involved (McLean, 2005)

Interference

anything that blocks or changes the source’s intended meaning of the message (McLean, 2005)

Harold Lasswell’s Communication Model (1948)

COMMUNICATOR - MESSAGE - MEDIUM - RECEIVER - EFFECT

Shannon-Weaver’s Communication Model (1948)

SENDER - ENCODER - CHANNEL - NOISE - DECODER - RECEIVER - FEEDBACK

DAVID BERLO’S SMCR COMMUNICATION MODEL

SOURCE - MESSAGE - CHANNEL - RECEIVER

PUBLICITY MODEL

communication as display and attention. audience as “spectators” rather than participants or information receivers

STUART HALL’S ENCODING/DECODING COMMUNICATION MODEL (1993)

Messages are open to various interpretations.

OSGOOD-SCHRAMM COMMUNICATION MODEL (1954)

ENCODER - MESSAGE - DECODER INTERPRETER

Intrapersonal Communication

It is a form of communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking (Communication in the Real World, 2010).

Interpersonal Communication

It is a form of communication between two different people who may or may not have a direct relationship with each other but are mutually and actively part of the communication process.

Group Communication

It is a type of communication between three or more people interacting to achieve a specific objective or a certain goal. This form of communication often happens during team-based tasks mostly done in school works or organizational endeavors.

Public Communication

This is a sender-focused form of communication in which one person is typically responsible for conveying information to an audience. This form is usually seen during campaigns, speeches, or other public speaking events. Among the other forms of communication discussed so far, this is the most formal, intentional, and goal-oriented type.