Aztecs (Mexica) and Inca

1438

INCA Pachacuti began conquering tribes near Cuzco, Peru

1493

INCA Pachacuti’s grandson Huayna Capac ruled, consolidating lands conquered by his predecessors

1325

AZTECS founded Tenochtitlan

1428 (34????)

AZTECS form the triple alliance

1519

AZTEC Spanish arrived in Tenochtitlan

1521

AZTEC end of Aztec state

allyu

INCA kinship groups that shared land, led bu curacas

curaca

INCA local leaders who were allowed to keep their positions if they were loyal

Huitzilopochtli

the AZTEC sun god, who needed energy in the form of human blood to fight the darkness

great temple at Tenochititlan

AZTEC temple for Huitzilopochtli sun god and Taloc agricultural god

Temple of the Sun

INCA temple in Cuzco dedicated to Inti the sun god and mummified rulers

Inti

the INCA sun god

huacas

INCA shrines; the Inca religion contained animistic elements, such as the belief that rocks, mountains, rivers, etc. had supernatural powers. Roads often led from these to the Temple of the Sun

1532

INCA Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived in the Inca empire, during a civil war of succession after Huayna Capac’s death, this and diseases made the Inca weaker.

1533

INCA the Spanish conquered the core of the empire

1572

INCA outposts remained until this date

waru waru

INCA technique used with terraces in farming. Raised beds with channels captured and redirected rain to avoid erosion during floods and stored water for droughts.

chinampas

AZTEC floating islands in Lake Texcoco, very fertile, they also dug ditches for irrigation and draining the lake

quipu

INCA knotted string for numeric records

Tenochtitlan

the AZTEC capital on swampy lake Texcoco

Sapa Inca

the supreme leader of the INCA, supposedly a descendant of the sun god Inti

Split Inheritance

INCA believed that rulers lived after death, mummified them, and their male descendants kept their land and wealth for their cults, while political power went to their successor. New leaders wanted to conquer and expand to get land and wealth.

Capra Nan

INCA 25000 miles of roads, with tambos or way stations a day apart

tambo

an INCA way station on the Carpa Nan

Quechuga

the INCA language, which they spread to conquered peoples

Aztec Social hierarchy

Emperor (great speaker), land owning nobles (military leaders), scribes and healers, artisans, traders, peasants and soldiers, slaves (prisoners of war or criminals)p

pocheta

traded luxury goods, AZTEC

AZTEC artisans specialty goods

feathers, gold, silver, precious stones

calpulli

AZTEC clan groups, originally 7