World History unit three GREECE

king Philip II (Philip of macedon)

King of Macedonia who conquered Greece and united the Greek city-states under his control; father of Alexander the Great.

The basic political unit of Greece

polis

Alexander the Great

son of Philip the II, who conquered the Persian empire; spread Greek culture throughout his empire

Darius

Persian King who invaded Greece but was defeated at the battle of Marathon; God used him to help re-build His temple in Ezra.

Xerxes

Son of Darius, who took over his fathers full invasion of Greece; fought at the battle of Thermopylae

Minoans vs. Mycenaeans

Minoans: lived on Crete, were known for trade and ships, and built palaces, focused on art, and ritual life

Mycenaean: lived on mainland Greece, were warriors and built fortified cities, more militaristic society

Homer

blind Greek poet who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey; our knowledge of the Greek Dark ages is from him

Helots

Enslaved people in Sparta who worked the land and farmed for the Spartans, and were slaves

Peloponnesian League

Alliance led by Sparta to protect itself and its allies.

Delian League

Alliance led by Athens to protect Greece from Persian attacks.

Pericles

Leader of Athens during it Golden Age; strengthened democracy and encouraged advances in many fine arts, science, literature, and architecture. (after solon)

Solon

reformed Athens by ending debt, slavery, and giving citizens more political rights (before pericles)

Socrates

philosopher who taught that by asking questions to help people think; Believed that truth could be attained though human reason; virtue was knowledge, and ignorance produced evil. Thus reason was the best guide to good behavior; “The unexamined life is not worth living”.

Plato

Student of Socrates who founded the school called the academy; wrote the republic which devised one of the first plans for an ideal society and government; true reality lies outside the physical world.

Aristotle

Greek philosopher who, unlike Plato, believed that reality was in the physical world therefore he studied many different fields; Developed Syllogism which is a three step logical thinking process.

Hippocrates/ Hippocratic oath

Father of Medicine; believed illnesses had natural causes; the oath is a promise doctors make to treat patients ethically.

Pythagoreas

mathemetician known for the pythagorean theorem

Euclid

mathemetician known as the Father of Geometry; wrote the textbook elements, which is a basis for geometry still today.

Sophocles and Aristophanes

sophocles wrote tragedies and Aristophanes wrote comedies

what were the spartan vs. Athenian view of humanity

Sparta: valued strength, discipline, military service, and loyalty to the state

Athens: valued education, creativity, individual achievement, and democracy

Contrast the Greek view of man’s work with the Biblical worldview from Genesis 2

the Greeks viewed work as necessary evil and a chore fit for the enslaved and lower classes. The biblical worldview of work frames work as a noble calling where humans are commisioned to tend and guard creation, making human labor an inherent part of human dignity and partnership with God.

anothropomorphic

attributing human characteristics, emotions, form, or motivations to non-human entities, gods, or objects

Olympics

physical contests thought to please the gods, the ultimate goal of every athlete was to attain physical perfection. the first games occured in 776 BCE in Olympia, Greece

Tyrant

a ruler who seized power unconstitutionally often with the backing of common people

Oligarchy

a form of government where power is structured and held by a small group of elite citizens

monarchy

a system of government led by a single leader such as a king or queen

democracy

a system of government ruled by the people in ancient Athens, but was only democracy for the adult male citizens.