Anatomy Terms Exam 1

Integumentary

Skin, body protection

Superficial fascia

Fatty connective tissue beneath the skin

Deep (musculoskeletal) fascia

Strong wrapping around muscles and compartments

Visceral fascia

Connective tissue supporting organs

Neural fascia

Connective tissue coverings associated with nerves and the nervous system

Superficial fascia

allows the skin to move over deeper structures.

Deep fascia

denser and creates compartments.

deep fascia

connects to compartment syndrome

visceral

the soft, deep internal organs located inside the main body cavities

Compartment syndrome

Increased pressure → decreased blood flow → ischemia.

ischemia

a medical condition where a restriction or blockage in blood supply reduces the flow of oxygen and essential nutrients to tissues or organs

ventral

front of the body cavity, heart, lungs, abdominal and pelvic organs

foramen magnum

cranial cavity is connected through

Dorsal

back of the body cavity, brain and spinal cord

serous membrane

thin slippery lining that covers certain body cavities and organs

visceral

lining that touches the organ

parietal

lining that touches the cavity wall

serous cavity

small lubrication fulid space

pleura membrane

lungs

peritoneum

abdominal organs

empyema

pus in the lung

Visceral serous pericardium (epicardium)

Directly covers the heart

Parietal serous pericardium

Lines the inside of the fibrous sac

Beck's triad

Jugular venous distension (bulging neck veins)

Muffled heart sounds

Hypotension

Fibrous pericardium

A patient with penetrating chest trauma has hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds. Which anatomical structure limits the heart's ability to expand?

Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)

irritation of the central diaphragmatic pleura or parietal pericardium may cause referred shoulder pain

Pericarditis

Sharp chest pain that often worsens lying flat and improves leaning forward.

Peritonitis

Irritation of the parietal peritoneum may produce guarding and rebound tenderness.

intercalated disc

connect cardiac muscles cells mechanically and electrically so they can contract together

neuromuscular junction

where a somatic motor neuron communicates with a skeletal muscle fiber

Transverse process

lateral bony projection for muscle and ligament attachment.

c1

holds your head up

c2

turns your head

Atlanto-occipital joint

Skull + C1

Atlantoaxial joint

C1 + C2

Jefferson fracture

ring of C1, transmitted down towards the head

odontoid fracture

dens of c2, rotation and stability of head

Costal cartilage

your rib cage to expand when you inhale and recoil when you exhale.

Cribriform plate

CN1

Superior orbital fissure

CN III, IV, VI

Foramen rotundum

CN V2

Foramen ovale

CN V3

Spinosum

Middle meningeal artery

V1 opening

Superior orbital fissure

V2 opening

Foramen rotundum

V3

Foramen ovale

Kiesselbach

Nosebleeds from the front of septum

Le Fort II

Pyramidal midface fracture

cardiac apex landmark

Left fifth intercostal space, midclavicular line

Sternal angle

rib 2, T4-5

Sacroiliac (SI)

Joint connecting your sacrum to your hip bone,

Pubic symphysis

Joint connecting the two pubic bones at the front

Coxa vara

Femoral neck-shaft angle is too small, horizontal, shorten limb

Coxa valga

Femoral neck-shaft angle is too large, vertical

Femoral condyles

Two rounded surfaces at the bottom of the thigh bone

tibial plateau

Femoral condyles rests on top of the…

Anterior talofibular ligament

connects the fibula to the talus at the front of the outer ankle, most common in sports

Calcaneofibular ligament

connects the fibula to the heel bone

Deltoid ligament

Strong ligament complex on the inner ankle

Sacrospinous ligament

Connects the sacrum to the ischial spine

Sacrotuberous ligament

Connects the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

Interspinous diameter

narrowest plane of the midpelvis.

Intertuberous diameter

measures the pelvic outlet

Open-book fracture

widening of the pubic symphysis.

Pelvic ring fracture

look for a second disruption and remember the risk of severe bleeding.

Acetabular labrum

Ring of cartilage around the hip socket that makes it deeper

Iliofemoral ligament

Strong ligament at the front of the hip that limits hyperextension

CAM impingement

Extra bone or loss of roundness near the femoral head-neck junction

PINCER impingement

The acetabular rim covers too much of the femoral head.

Intertrochanteric fracture

A break between the greater and lesser trochanters

Avascular necrosis (AVN)

Bone tissue dies because it loses its blood supply

medial femoral circumflex artery

provides most of the blood supply to the adult femoral head through branches that travel along the femoral neck

Intracapsular femoral neck fracture

Higher risk of AVN

Extracapsular intertrochanteric fracture

Generally lower risk of AVN

iliopsoas

lift your thigh toward your abdomen, connected to lesser trochanter, flexion

greater trochanter

gluteus medius/ minimus, abduction

Subtalar joint

Joint between the talus and calcaneus (heel bone)

talus

sits between your tibia and your heel bone.

Talocrural joint

Primarily moves the foot up and down

Subtalar joint

Contributes substantially to inversion and eversion

glenoid cavity

socket in the scapula for head of humerus

Humeral shaft fracture

radial nerve injury, wrist drop

Surgical neck fracture

axillary nerve, deltoid weakness