Week 3: Parotid Region, Temporal & Infratemporal Fossae

Superior border of parotid region

Zygomatic arch

Inferior border of parotid region

Angle and inferior border of mandible

Anterior border of parotid region

Anterior border of masseter

Posterior border of parotid region

External ear, anterior border of SCM

Medial border of parotid region

Mandibular ramus

Contents of parotid region

Parotid gland/duct, parotid plexus, retromandibular vein, external carotid artery, masseter

The parotid plexus is part of which cranial nerve?

Facial

Name the two branches of the facial nerve that do not pass through the parotid plexus

Posterior auricular, nerve to stylohyoid

Superior and posterior borders of the temporal fossa

Superior and inferior temporal lines

Anterior border of temporal fossa

Frontal and zygomatic bones

Inferior border of temporal fossa

Infratemporal crest

Lateral border of temporal fossa

Zygomatic arch, temporal fascia

Floor of temporal fossa

Frontal, parietal, temporal, greater wing of sphenoid

What is the one content of the temporal fossa?

Upper portion of temporalis

Superior border of Infratemporal fossa

Greater wing of sphenoid

Inferior border of Infratemporal fossa

Attachment of medial pterygoid

Anterior border of Infratemporal fossa

Posterior maxilla

Posterior border of Infratemporal fossa

Tympanic plate, mastoid and styloid processes

Lateral border of Infratemporal fossa

Mandibular ramus

Medial border of Infratemporal fossa

Lateral pterygoid plate

Contents of the Infratemporal fossa include the inferior part of ___, lateral and medial ___ muscles, parts 1 and 2 of the ___ ___, ___ venous plexuses, and nerves including the ___ ___ and ___ ganglion

Temporalis, pterygoid, maxillary artery, pterygoid, chorda tympani, otic

Aside from the chorda tympani and the otic ganglion, what are the nerves within the Infratemporal fossa?

Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal

Lateral pterygoid is ___ to medial pterygoid

Superior

Auriculotemporal, buccal, inferior alveolar, deep temporal, lingual, and masseteric are branches of which nerve?

Mandibular

How does mandibular nerve exit the skull?

Foramen ovale

Is mandibular nerve motor, sensory, or both?

Both

What are the muscles of mastication?

Temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

What are the accessory muscles of mastication?

Buccinator, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles

The TMJ is a modified ___ joint

Hinge

What are the three actions of TMJ?

Gliding, rotation, elevation, depression

The TMJ contains a ___ that divides the joint capsule, which can be pulled on by the ___ ___

Disc, lateral pterygoid

What are the articular surfaces involved in the TMJ?

Head of mandible, articular eminence of temporal bone, mandibular fossa

What is the only muscle to perform mandibular retrusion?

Temporalis

What are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Maxillary and superficial temporal

What is the major artery to the deep face?

Maxillary

The maxillary artery passes medially through the ___ ___ and then through the ___ ___ to enter the ___ fossa

Infratemporal fossa, pterygomaxillary fissure, pterygopalatine

What are the three parts of the maxillary artery?

Mandibular (first), pterygoid (second), pterygopalatine (third)

What are the branches of the first part of maxillary artery?

Deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal, inferior alveolar

What are the branches of the second part of maxillary artery?

Masseteric, anterior/posterior deep temporal, pterygoid, buccal

What are the branches of the third part of maxillary artery?

Posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, artery of pterygoid canal, pharyngeal, descending palatine, sphenopalatine

What structure of veins occupies most of the Infratemporal fossa?

Pterygoid plexus

The pterygoid plexus drains anteriorly to the ___ vein

Facial

The pterygoid plexus drains Posteriorly via the ___ vein to the ___ veins

Maxillary, retromandibular

The pterygoid plexus drains Superiorly through the ___ veins to the ___ ___

Emissary, cavernous sinus

What are the four sensory branches of the mandibular nerve?

Auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal

What arteries are within the Infratemporal fossa?

Maxillary artery parts 1 and 2

What veins are in the Infratemporal fossa?

Pterygoid plexus

Branches of what nerve are in the Infratemporal fossa?

Mandibular

What are the motor branches of the mandibular nerve?

Deep temporal, masseteric, medial and lateral pterygoid nerves

The inferior alveolar nerve enters the ___ foramen and exits the ___ foramen as the ___ nerve

Mandibular, mental, mental

Before the mental nerve forms, what branch comes off the inferior alveolar nerve?

Nerve to mylohyoid

Is the inferior alveolar nerve purely sensory?

No (nerve to mylohyoid)

The ___ nerve carries parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the parotid gland

Auriculotemporal

Buccal nerve is ___ only. The buccal branch of facial nerve is ___ only (TWO different nerves)

Sensory, motor

Chorda tympani comes from ___ nerve and joins with the ___ nerve posteriorly

Facial, lingual

The otic ganglion carries ___synaptic parasympathetic fibers from cranial nerve ___

Pre, IX

The otic ganglion contains ___synaptic parasympathetic fibers via the ___ nerve

Post, auriculotemporal

The otic ganglion carries ___ gland ___ function

Parotid, secretomotor

Chorda tympani carries ___synaptic parasympathetic ___ fibers for the ___ and ___ glands

Pre, secretomotor, submandibular, sublingual

What are the ligaments/structures surrounding the TMJ?

Lateral, stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments, postglenoid tubercle

The ‘swing rope’ function of the mandible is performed by what structure?

Sphenomandibular ligament

What supporting structure of the TMJ is a thickening of the capsule of the parotid gland?

Stylomandibular ligament