Un

Alleles

Versions of the same gene that determine traits.

Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait.

Phenotype

An organism's observable physical characteristics or traits.

Punnett Square

A tool used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in genetic crosses.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the alleles it carries.

Dominant Allele

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Recessive Allele

An allele that expresses its trait only when two copies are present.

3:1 Ratio

The expected ratio of dominant to recessive phenotypes resulting from a monohybrid cross.

Genetic Variation

The differences in alleles among individuals in a population, influencing traits.

Environmental Influence

The effect that environmental factors have on the expression of traits in organisms.

Multiple Genes

The involvement of more than one gene in determining a particular trait.

Mendel's Principle

Basic genetic principles derived from Gregor Mendel's experiments with pea plants.

Probability in Genetics

The mathematical chance of inheriting specific traits, expressed as a fraction or percentage.

Genetic Disorders

Conditions resulting from errors in alleles that affect multiple traits.

Complex Traits

Traits influenced by multiple genes or environmental factors.