Types of Learning

habituation

organism ignores repeated stimulus

example of habituation

birds learning to ignore sounds of cars

non-associative learning

change in response to a repeated stimulus without association with positive or negative reinforcement

associative learning

behavior is changed or conditioned through association between a stimulus and response

classical conditioning

involuntary response becomes associated positively or negatively with a stimulus that did not originally elicit the response

example of classical conditioning

Pavlov’s dog

operant conditioning

animal’s behavior reinforced by a consequence. trial-and-error

example of operant conditioning

bird learns to avoid bad-tasting butterfly

cognitive learning

ability to solve problems with conscious thought