energy sources, isotopes and radioactivity
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31 Terms
what is a renewable energy source?
an energy source that is naturally replenished and will not run out on a human timescale
four renewable energy source
solar, wind, hydroelectric and geothermal
three non-renewable energy sources
coal, oil and natural gas
what is one advantage of solar energy?
it is renewable and produces no direct greenhouse gas emissions while generating electricity
what is one disadvantage of solar energy?
it depends on sunlight, so electricity production varies
what is a advantage of wind energy?
it is renewable and produces very low greenhouse gas emissions during operation
what is one disadvantage of wind energy?
wind is variable and turbines can effect landscapes and wildlife
what is one advantage of nuclear energy?
it produces large amounts of electricity with very low direct carbon dioxide emissions during operation
what is one disadvantage of nuclear energy?
it produces radioactive waste that needs careful management
what is an isotope?
an atom of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
what determines the identity of an element?
the number of protons
what is the atomic number?
the number of protons in the nucleus
what is the mass number?
the total number of protons and neutrons
how do you calculate the number of neutrons?
mass number minus atomic number
how many neutrons are in carbon -14?
8 neutrons
how many protons are in uranium -238?
92 protons
what does the top number in nuclear notation represent?
the mass number
what does the bottom number in nuclear notation represent?
the atomic number
what is radioactivity?
the spontaneous release of radiation from an unstable atomic nucleus
why do radioactive atoms decay?
their nuclei are unstable and decay to become more stable
three types of nuclear notation
alpha, beta and gamma
which type of radiation is most penetrating?
gamma
which type of radiation is most strongly ionising?
alpha
what is alpha radiation?
a helium nucleus containing two protons and two neutrons
what is beta radiation?
a fast moving electron emitted from an unstable nucleus
what is gamma radiation?
high energy electromagnetic radiation with no mass or charge
what can stop alpha radiation?
paper or skin
what can stop beta radiation?
thin aluminium
what is needed to shield against gamma radiation?
thick lead or concrete