REDOX

what is oxidation

gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen, loss of electrons

what is an oxidising agent

substance which oxidises another atom by causing it to lose electrons

what happens to an oxidising agent

it gets reduced

what are oxidation numbers the same as

charge

what is the reducing agent

substance which reduces an atom by causing it to gain electrons

what happens to a reducing agent

it becomes oxidised

what is reduction

the gain of electrons or loss of oxygen

what consitutes a redox reaction?

both oxidising and reducing agent must be present

what happens in redox titrations

an oxidising agent is tirated against a reducing agent

what are indicators used for in redox titrations

to mark an endpoint

why does manganate VII titration require no indicator

it turns a strong purple colour which becomes clear at endpoint

what are redox titrations used for

to determine the concentration of the oxidising agent

how does ease of oxidation change in group 1 and 2

down group 1 and 2 reactions become more vigerous and oxidation is easier

what are halogens always

halogens are always oxidising agents as they accept an electron to achieve a stable octet

how does reactivity change down halogen group

reactivity decreases down a group

halogens and displacement

halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its halide reaction

what colour is chlorine is solution normal and dilute

pale green, colourless

what colour is bromine in solution, normal and dilute

orange, yellow

what colour is iodine in solution, normal and dilute

brown, pale yellow

metals and displacement

metals higher in reactivity series displace less reactive metals

what is the more reactive metal always?

the reducing agent

Acronym for metal reactivity series

my aunt fucks poor hoes constantly always

What is a voltaic cell

a circuit which produces EMF from spontaneous reactions

what is the electrode?

the strip of metal in solution

what does the position of the equilibrium determine?

the potential difference, known as electrode potential

in voltaic cells were how do the electrons flow?

from anode to cathode

what is the salt bridge

made from filter paper and inert electrolyte to balance charges in each half cell, usually soluble so no precipitates form

why must the voltmeter be high resistance?

to not divert current from central circuit

what is a the negative terminal in a voltaic cell?

anode where oxidation occurs

what is at the positive terminal on a voltaic cell?

cathode where reduction occurs

what is at the negative terminal in an electrolytic cell?

cathode where reduction occurs

what is at the positive terminal of an electrolytic cell?

anode where oxidation occurs

what is electrolysis

the process of using an external DC power supply to force a non-spontaneous redox reaction to break down a molten or aqueous ionic compound into its constituent elements

why does an electrolytic cell require a power supply

because it is a non spontaneous reaction

what are electrodes often made of

inert but conductive metals such as platinum or graphite

what occurs at the cathode in electrolytic cells? MOLTEN

formation of a metal

what occurs at the anode in electrolytic cells? MOLTEN

the formation of a non metal

what occurs at the cathode in electrolytic cells? AQ

metal less reactive than hydrogen is deposited, otherwise hydrogen gas formed

what occurs at the anode in electrolytic cells? AQ

if Cl Br or F present then halogen is formed otherwise oxygen gas is formed