chemistry test 1-7 (lessons)

A mixture

Substance combined together( does not form a new substance)

A compound

An element combined together form a NEW substance

melting

Solids to liquid

Vaparation

Liquid to gas

Condensation

Gas to liquid

Freezing

Liquid to solid

Sublimation

Solid to gas

Deposition

Gas to solid

heterogeneous

Mixture not evenly mixed looks markers or opaque ex: mud

Homogenous

Evenly mixed

Colloids

Evenly mixed but particles floating around opaque or translucent to light

Solutions

evenly mixed but particles are very tiny you can’t see

Solvent

Does the dissolving

Solution

Gets dissolved by solvent

Atomic theory 1

All matters is made of atoms

Atomic theory 2

Atoms of different elements are different

Atomic theory 3

Atoms are combined in whole number ratios

Atomic theory 4

Atoms are not destroyed in chemical reactions

Msss number

#of protons plus # of neutrons

Atomic number

#of protons and electrons

Atomic Mass

The mass of an isotope of an atom

Neutrons

Subtract atomic mass from #

Isotopes

Atoms with same atomic # but different mass numbers

Atomic weight

The average of the masses of isotopes of an element

Aufbau law#1

Fill lower energy orbital first

Pauli law #2

Each orbital can hold max 2 elections

Hund law #3

When you have multiple equal energy orbitals put one electrons in each before pairing

Anion(non metals)

Negatively chargers ion formed by gaining 1 or more electrons

Cations(metals)

Positivity charged ion formed by losing one or more electrons

Ionization energy

Energy needed to remove an electron

Electron infinity

Energy released when an atom gains an electron

m/v

grams of solute/mL of solution

Grams of solute: ml of solution x ml/100

V/v

volume of solute/volume of solution

Volume of solute: volume of solution x volume/100

m/m

Mass of solute/mass of solution