Chapter 5----Cardiovascular System---Cardiopulmonary Class

Formed elements

________________________are cells and cell components suspended in the blood which include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

Five (5)

On average there is about _________________ quarts of blood in human beings.

45%

Formed elements make up approximately ___________ percent of total blood volume.

55%

Plasma makes up approximately ________________ percent of total blood volume.

91%

Plasma composed of approximately ________________ percent water.

Platelets

_____________________are involved in blood clotting. They have NO NUCLEUS; CONTAIN ENZYMES; and are just Cell fragments

White blood cells

_______________________________ are involved in body defenses against microbes such as bacteria and viruses.

Plasma

________________________________________ composed of:

•Electrolytes

•Nutrients

•Respiratory

•Gases

•Waste products

Regulatory substances

Blood

___________________________________________functions:

-Transport oxygen to tissue cells and carbon dioxide to lungs

-Transport nutrients and waste products

-Transport processed molecules from one part of body to another

Blood

_________________________________________functions:

-Transport regulatory hormones and enzymes

-Regulate pH and osmosis

-Maintain body temperature

-Protect against foreign substance

-Form clots

RBCs (Erythrocytes)

__________________________________transport oxygen from lungs to tissues and transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to lungs.

Hematocrit

__________________________________ is the percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells.

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that reversibly binds oxygen. It transports oxygen from lungs to tissue cells and transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to lungs.

Neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.

Eosinophils

_______________________ are specialized white blood cells that travel to a body part where the immune system detects a threat, like an infection, parasite, or allergen.

Basophils

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

Lymphocytes

The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system: B ____________________________ form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T _____________________________form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances.

Monocytes

*A type of white blood cell that transforms into macrophages, extends pseudopods, and engulfs huge numbers of microbes over a long period of time

*An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.

Plasma

Liquid part of blood and is whole blood without formed elements. Constitutes approximately 55 percent of total blood volume.

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

EPICARDIUM

_______________________________ IS THE INNERMOST LAYER OF THE PERICARDIAL SAC THAT SURROUNDS THE HEART

MYOCARDIUM

_____________________________________ MADE OF CARDIAC MUSCLE AND MANY BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES.

ENDOCARDIUM

________________________________________ IS IN THE INSIDE OF ALL CHAMBERS & ALL THE VALVES----made of simple squamous epithelium

Cardiac Muscle Bundles

The circular and spiral arrangement of cardiac muscle bundles in the myocardium of the heart

Left coronary artery

____________________supplies blood to the left ventricle, left atrium, and interventricular septum of the heart. Known as the "widow maker".

Right coronary artery

_________________________supplies right atrium and most of right ventricle of the heart.

BASE OF THE AORTA, CORONARY ARTERIES. CAPILLARIES, CARDIAC VEINS, CORONARY SINUS (ON POSTERIOR VIEW), & RIGHT ATRIUM

NAME THE CORONARY CIRCULATION THROUGH THE BLOOD VESSELS IN THE HEART (IN ORDER STARTING FROM THE FROM THE AORTA).

1.RIGHT ATRIUM

2.TRICUSPID VALVE

3.RIGHT VENTRICLE

4.PULMONARY SEMILUNAR VALVE

5.PULMONY TRUNK

6.PULMONARY ARTERIES

7.LUNGS & PULMONARY VEINS

8.LEFT ATRIUM

9.BICUSPID VALVE

10.LEFT VENTRICLE

11.AORTIC SEMILUNAR VALVE

12.ASCENDING AORTA

13.AORTIC ARCH

14.DESCENDING AORTA

15.INFERIOR VENA CAVA

16.SUPER VENA CAVA

17.BACK TO THE RIGHT ATRIUM

Memorize Blood Flow through the Heart and Lungs

Systemic system

____________________________ system that pumps oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back.

Pulmonary system

__________________________ system that pumps blood and circulates it from the heart to the lungs and back.

-Arteries

-Arterioles

-Capillaries

-Venules

-Veins

Name the five blood vessels of the human body.