Vaccines

What is the overall goal of vaccination

Induce a good memory response via long lived plasma cells

Why vaccination

Exposure to pathogen without the clinical signs; increases cellular response upon first exposure

Is the anti vaccination movement spreading to pet owners and what is the consequence

Yes; increased cases of diseases that have been vaccinated against for a while

What factors should be considered in vaccination design

Nature of pathogens: extra vs. intracellular

Efficacy: ___% effective

Safety: adverse reactions

Passive immunization

Transfer of preformed antibodies;

ex: antibodies form mother to fetus

Ex: antibodies produced in one species then purified and FC region cleaved and transferred to another species

Active immunization

Natural infection or inoculation with pathogens or their antigenic components

What type of immunization provides a longer and higher degree of protection

Active immunization

How does half life of homologous vs heterologous passive immunity differ

Homologous has a longer half life

What immune cells participate in active immunization

T and B cell actively participate in the formation of memory cells.

What 3 factors should be considered for vaccines for active immunization.

Response does not equal immunity all of the time

Antibody vs. CMI Response

Memory cell roles

Basis for Protective Immunity

Pathogenic and Defensive Mechanisms

When developing vaccines what are the basic things being evaluated

Pathogenic mechanisms and how defensive mechanisms respond

Veterinary Vaccine Regulations where to find

Tile 9 FCR

What is an autogenous vaccine

Custom vaccine for a specific herd

When would you use an autogenous vaccine

No commercial product available

Commercial product is ineffective

Antigens are not bundled appropriately for the case

Is intentional introduction of disease to induce immunity viable?

Not really since vaccines are available but had moderate success in the past but wasn’t always helpful

What are safety concerns with intentional disease introduction

More potent then expected

Introduce other diseases

Mutation risks

Types of Vaccines

Inactivated

Modified Live

New Technology

What is the major piece in production of edible vaccines

Gene transformation into a plant that produces food