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matter
anything that occupies space & has a mass
atom
smallest basic unit of matter
element
a substance composed of 1 type of atom, & it can't be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical reactions
neutrons
particles that have no charge (neutral)
protons
positively charged particles
electrons
negatively charged particles
valence shell
outermost energy level
compound
a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together in a certain ratio
ion
an atom that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons
cation
positive ion
anion
negative ion
ionic bond
chemical bond formed through the electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions
covalent bond
chemical bond that forms when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of valence shell electrons
moleule
2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
single bond
the sharing of 1 pair of electrons
double bond
the sharing of 2 pairs of electrons
nonpolar molecule
a molecule with no charged regions
polar molecule
a molecule with a slight positive region & slight negative region
hydrogen bond
attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom & a slightly negative atom
cohesion
the attraction of molecules of same substance (sticking together)
adhesion
the attraction of molecules of diff substances (sticking together)
solution
a mixture of 2 or more substances that is same throughout
solvent
dissolving agent
solute
substance that is dissolved
concentration
the amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
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