HISTC Exam 2

continued roman rule in EAST

byzantine empire

islamic conquer (1453) was

gradual

muhammad was born into

polytheistic world

Muhammad was

last and greatest prophet

Hijra (620CE)

journey of followers to mecca

successors to WEST roman empire

medieval europe

Latin and being roman catholic belonged to

medieval europe

Barbadian kingdoms established in

imperial land

missionaries were

a means of conversion

Clovis converted post

victory

Royal coercion influenced conversion

True

Charlemagne: frankish king and emperor,

promoted christianity in ruling

Frankish King who converted to christianity (+influence

Clovis 1

Investiture controversy (1080s) pitted

Holy Roman Emperor vs Pope

Catholic Church (CC) believes in

scripture plus tradition

Baptism removes

Original Sin

St Francis (born 1181)

chose poverty and a life of god

Virgin Mary called theotokos:

“god bearer”

St Francis founded

Friar minors

Renaissance (french for)

rebirth

renaissance art featured

naturalistic perspective and dimensions

Ren art featured

both pagan and christian themes

Sacra Conversazione

depicted saints conversing

Martin Luther (b. 1484) in

Holy Roman area of Germany

Martin Luther became a monk

True

Martin Luther rejected

indulgences (monetary method of forgiveness of sins)

3 Sola’s (blank alone)

scripture, faith, grace

freedom of a christian shared belief in

soul of faith, body of works = salvation saves soul alone

Luther excommunicated in

1521

application of reformation includes

no mass offered as sacrifice

only two sacraments recognized in reformation

baptism and eucharist (but symbolic)

“Winners” of American colonization

Spaniards and british

South of Native America (c. 1500) population

dense, 45 million

spanish used this as justification of conquest

conversion opportunities

Northern Native America gains include

10 million + rule

Spaniards and Indians vs

aztecs

Sepúlveda debated that

Indians were “natural slave”

Las Casas believed indians had

excusable ignorance

Demographic catastrophe of Indians (1500-1600) causes

War, Abuse, Disease

Purification of memory by Pope JP II

process of reconciliation from oppression caused upon indigenous people

Black legend shared

intense anti-catholic concepts from greediness and power