Modern Architecture Before 1900

Architect: Giovanni Battista Piranesi
Building: S. Maria del Priorato
Place: Rome, Italy
Date: 1766
Style: Neoclassical

Architect: Robert Adam
Building: Kedleston Hall
Place: Derbyshire, England
Date: 1759 - 1770
Style: Neoclassical

Wat building is this the interior of?

Keddleston Hall

Architect: William Chambers
Building: Somerset House
Place: London, England
Date: 1776-1796
Style: Neoclassical

Architect: Jacques-Germain Soufflot
Building: Pantheon / Church of Sainte Genevieve
Place: Rome, Italy
Date: 1755 - 1792
Style: Neoclassical

Architect:
Building: Three gardens of Yuanmingyuan, the gardens of perfect brightness
Place: Beijing, China
Date: 1709 - 1860
Style:

Architect: Qing Dynasty, built under Qianlong
Building: Xuguangge, Pule Temple
Place: Chengde, China
Date: 1767
Style:

Architect: Giuseppe Castiglione
Building: Haiyantang (Hall of Calm Seas)
Place: In Yuanmingyuan gardens - Beijing, China
Date: 1747 - 1783
Style: Xiyanglou

Architect: Henry Flitcroft and Henry Hoare
Building: The Park at Stourhead
Place: Stourhead Park - Gasper, Wiltshire, England
Date: laid out in 1743, executed in 1744 - 1765
Style: Picturesque

Architect: Richard Minque
Building: Le Hameau (Cottage for Maire-Antoinette)
Place: Versailles, France
Date: 1775 - 1784
Style: Picturesque

Architect: William Chambers
Building: Chinese Pagoda, Kew Gardens
Place: London, England
Date: 1761
Style: Chinoiserie, Picturesque

Architect: John Nash
Building: Regent Street and Regent’s Park
Place: London, England
Date: 1812 - 1827
Style: Picturesque - urban planning

Architect: Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
Building: Royal Saltworks of Chaux
Place: Arc-et-Senans, France
Date: 1774-1779
Style: Neoclassical

Notes:

• surveillance

Architect: Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
Building: Ideal City of Chaux
Place: From his book: Architecture: Considered in Relation to Art, Morals, and Legislation
Date: 1804
Style: Engravings

Architect: Claude-Nicolas Ledoux
Building: Ideal City of Chaux - House of the Surveyor of the River Loue
Place: From his book: Architecture: Considered in Relation to Art, Morals, and Legislation
Date: 1804
Style: Engravings

Architect: Etienne-Louis Boullee
Building: Cenotaph for Isaac Newton
Place: Unbuilt
Date: 1784
Style: Enlightenment

Notes:

• sublime, awe, wonder, romanticism

• burial/tomb for Isaac Newton

Architect: Giovanni Battista Piranesi
Building: Plate from Carceri (Prisons)
Place: Etching Book
Date: 1760-1761
Style:

Architect: George Dance, the Younger
Building: Newgate Prison
Place: London, England
Date: 1768-1775
Style:

Architect: Jeremy bentham (philosopher)
Building: Panopticon
Place: Unbuilt
Date: 1791
Style:

Notes:

• prison

• control/surveillance

Architect: John Soane
Building: 12-14 Lincoln Inn Fields
Place: London, England
Date: 1792-1824
Style: Neoclassicism

Architect:
Building: Vidyadhar Bhattacharya
Place: Plan, Jaipur, India
Date: 1727
Style:

Architect: Samrat Yantra
Building: Jantar Mantar
Place: Jaipur, India
Date: 1728-1734
Style:

Notes:

• It’s a sundial.

• Play of light and shadows.

• Reduction, add/subtract

• Chattri(?): little area to kanoodle. Usually domed. Has Chajja: projected eave.

Architect: Lal Chand Ustad
Building: Hawa Mahal (Place if the Wind)
Place: Jaipur, India
Date: 1799
Style: Rajput

Architect: Charles Wyatt
Building: Government House
Place: Calcutta, India
Date: 1803
Style: Neoclassical

Architect: John Nash
Building: Royal Pavillion
Place: Brighton, England
Date: 1815-1823
Style: Picturesque Pseudo-Indian

Architect:
Building: Santa Prisca
Place: Taxco, Mexico
Date: 1751-1758
Style: Churrigueresque

Architect:
Building:
Place: San Francisco de Asis, taos, Mexico
Date: 1772-1815
Style:

Notes:

• uses Adobe/sun-baked clay

• missionaries working with local builders

• not many ppl around when built

• on the outskirts of empire when built

Architect: John Ariss
Building: Mount Airy
Place: Richmond County, Virginia
Date: 1758-1762
Style:

Architect: Peter Harrison
Building: Touro Synagogue
Place: Newport, Rhode Island
Date: 1759-1763
Style: neoclassical colonial

Architect: Charles Bulfinch
Building: Massachusetts State House
Place: Boston, Massachusetts
Date: 1759-1798
Style: Neoclassical Federalist

Architect: Thomas Jefferson
Building: Virginia State Capitol
Place: Richmond, Virginia
Date: 1785-1789
Style: Neoclassical Federalist

Architect: Thomas Jefferson
Building: University of Virginia
Place: Charlottesville, Virginia
Date: 1817-1826
Style: Neoclassical Federalist

Architect: Benjamin Latrobe
Building: Bank of Pennsylvania
Place: Philidelphia, Pennsylvania
Date: 1798-1800
Style: Neoclassical Federalist

Architect: Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand and Jean-Thomas Thibault
Building: Project for the Temple of Equality
Place: submitted in the competitions of the year II
Date: 1794
Style: Unbuilt

Architect: Horace Walpole + Others
Building: Strawberry Hill
Place: Twickenham, England
Date: 1749-1776
Style: Picturesque Gothic Revival

Architect: Walpole
Building: Strawberry Hill gallery
Place:
Date:
Style:

Architect: A.W.N. Pugin
Building: St. Giles, Cheadle
Place: Cheadle, England
Date: 1839-1844
Style: Gothic Revival

Architect: Charles Barry and Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
Building: House of Parliament
Place: London, England
Date: 1836-1860
Style: Gothic Revival

Architect: Robert Smirke
Building: British Museum
Place: London, England
Date: 1823-1846
Style: Greek Revival

Architect: Richard Upjohn
Building: First Parish Congretional Church
Place: Brunswick
Date: 1845-1846
Style: Carpenter Gothic

Architect: Karl Friedrich Schinket
Building: Altes Museum
Place: Berlin, Germany
Date: 1822-1830
Style: Neoclassical

Architect: Karl Friedrich Schnikel
Building: Bauakademie
Place: Berlin, Germany
Date: 1832-1836
Style:

Architect: Leo von Klenze
Building: Walhalla
Place: Near Regensburg, Germany
Date: 1821-1842
Style: Greek Revival

Architect: Heinrich Hubsch
Building: Pump Room
Place: Baden-Baden, Germany
Date: 1830-1840
Style: Rundbogenstil

Sublime

• tied to romanticism

• trying to evoke strong emotions of wonder, awe, fear

• horror is associated

• holy terror

Picturesque

• associated with meandering and wandering

• first subjects were gardens

• pique curiosity through shifting views, pathways, and variety

structural rationalism

• trying to show the purpose

• shows the structure/how it’s standing up

• architecture looks structural

ex. flying buttresses, Greek system: columns support horizontal structure, post + lintel

colonialism

• desire to spread cultural/religious values

nationalism

• no longer “bound by a higher power“ but bound by community and common cultural identity

Romanticism

• art, literature, architecture should evoke an emotional response

Enlightenment

• philosophical ideology

• rationality, knowledge, free thinking

• architecture is less about emotion and more about creating order + rules

Churrigueresque

• spanish baroque

• ornamental

• rooted in classical system

• this pulls in Islamic/mediteranean elements

Rundbogenstil

• round arch style

• Germany

• revive gothic architecture in a modern light

Chinoiserie

• Chinese immitation in Europe

• less accurate

Xiyanglou

• European style buildings in China

• less accurate

Carpenter Gothic

• American style gothic using wood

• resources limited

Gothic Revival

• Reimagined medeival style

• took church ornamentation to smaller scales

• rib vaults, stained glass, tracery patterns,

Greek Revival

• return to pure classical elements

• no arches, domes, or vaults

• column, pediment, entablature

Federal Style

• American neoclassicism

• used for government buildings

• right after revolution

• brick, wood, no stone - lack of stone resources

Neoclassicism

• return to classical order, accuracy, simplicity, symmetry

• after Baroque