Motor Learning and Coaching

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Motor Program

Organised set of motor skills that result in execution of skill

Motor Skills

Voluntary muscular movement to complete a task

Classification of movement skills (3)

Movement precision, Type of movement, Predictability of the environment

Gross Motor Skills

Movement of major muscle groups resulting in large body part movement

Fine Motor Skills

Movement of smaller muscle groups resulting in more precise movement

Types of movement

Discrete, Serial, Continuous

Discrete Skills

Have clear beginnings and endings

Serial Skills

Made up of several discrete skills in a certain order

Continuous Skills

Do not have clear beginning or ending

Closed Skills

Performer has greatest control over performance environment

Open Skills

Performer has flexibility and adaptation under a constantly changing environment

Fitts and Posner

Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous

Cognitive Stage

Initial phasel, understanding task requirements

Associative Stage

Second stage, movement patterns more refined and consistent

Autonomous Stage

Final stage, control of movement is automatic and free of constant attention

Information Processing Model of Learning (IPMI)

Input, Processing, Output, Feedback

1: Identification of Stimuli/Input

Information received by sensory system (sight, sound, touch, proprioception, equilibrium)

2: Response Identification/Decision Making

Brain processes data from sensory system, contains three processes. Stimulus detection, Decision making, Effector mechanism

Influences of Stimulus Detection (6)

Ability of sense organs, Strength of cue, Noise, Length of cue, Level of Arousal, Experience

Hicks Law

The greater options for a performer the longer it takes for them to react

3: Responce selection

Prepare to produce response selected in decision-making process

Response Time

Time taken from stimulus to completion of movement

Reaction Time

Time between stimulus and initiation of response

Movement Time

Time from initiation of movement to completion of movement

Types of Feedback

Intrinsic, Extrinsic

Types of cues

Visual, Verbal, Proprioceptive

Proprioceptors

Found in joints, tendons and muscles, details body’s position, posture, equilibrium and internal conditions

Purpose of Feedback

Motivate performer, Reinforce learning, Provide information

Timing of extrinsic feedback

Concurrent, Terminal

Characteristics of effective feedback

Specific, Constructive, Changeable, Clear and Consice