U4 AOS 2 mental wellbeing + phobias + cultural determinants

Mental wellbeing

an individuals psychological state, indicating their ability to think, process information and regulate emotions. they have the ability to cope with life stressors

4 aspects of mental wellbeing

level of function - the degree to which an individual can complete daily tasks independently and effectively
resilience - the degree to which an individual can cope with and manage change and uncertainty
social wellbeing - the ability of an individual to form and maintain meaningful bonds with others and adapt to different social situations
emotional wellbeing - the ability on an individual to appropriately control and express their emotions in an adaptive way as well as understand the emotions of others

cultural determinants

social - living and working conditions that effect health
historical - ongoing effects of past events, policies and trauma
political - policies affecting resources, power, and health inequalities

mental wellbeing as a continuum pros and cons

pros - reduces stigma, increased ability to see if function has improved, increased ability to see if treatment is working
cons - hard to know when to interfere as there is no guidebook of categorical data

Characteristics of HIGH, MODERATE, and LOW of mental wellbeing

High - function independently, can cope with stressors
Moderate - sub optimal functioning, amplified emotions and high stress, difficulty concentrating
Low - unable to function independently, increased distress, possib le mental health disorder

Factors influencing mental wellbeing BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL

Bio - sex, genetics, hormones, neurotransmitter function
Psycho - style of thinking, beliefs, attitudes and emotions
Social - relationships, early life experience, education level, discrimination, income

Stress

a psychological and physiological state of tension in response to a stimuli

Anxiety

a state psychological and physiological arousal associated with feelings of worry and uneasiness that something unpleasant is about to happen

• Usually negative

• Can have unknown stimulus

• Usually future orientated

Specific phobia

an anxiety disorder characterised by a persistent, irrational and intense fear of a particular object or event

Contributing Factors to specific phobia

Bio - GABA dysfunction and long term potentiation
Psycho - classical conditioning, operant conditioning, cognitive bias
Social - stigma and specific environmental triggers

Evidence based bio,psycho, and social interventions for specific phobias

Bio - GABA agonists, breathing retraining
Psycho - systematic desensitisation, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
Social - psychoeducation

protective factor def

influences that enable an individual to promote and maintain high levels of mental wellbeing

Protective factors - bio/psycho/social

Bio - sleep, adequate nutrition
Psycho - cognitive behaviour strategies, mindfulness meditation
Social - support

Cultural continuity

the passing down and active practice of cultural knowledge, traditions, and values from generation to generation

Self determination

the rights of people to freely pursue their own economic, social, and cultural development without interference