Organ systems

What are the 11 organ systems and their functions?

Define organ

A discrete structure composed of at least 2 tissue types , that performs a specific function for the body

How many tissue types is most common for organs?

All four

What is an example if an organ with all 4 types of tussue types?

Define organ system

A series of organs all working together to accomplish. Common purpose

What is an example of an organ system?

• Cardiovascular system

• Net week of blood vessel carrying blood around the body

• Blood is continuously pumped around by action of heart

• Instead of passive diffusion which is very slow,

Why are organ systems interdependent and work in unison with eachother?

• so all cells are fed and cleane up

• So all cells are protected from dehydration and attack

• So all cells can move from danger or toward food and water

• So our genetic material is transferred to a new generation

What is an example if organ systems working together?

What are the 8 functions if life?

• maintaining boundaries

• Movement

• Responsiveness

• Digestion

• Metabolism

• Excretion

• Reproduction

• Growth

What do the 8 functions if life involve?

• Maintaining boundaries → keeping inside separate from ; Integumentary system

• Movement → Propelling ourselves from one place e to another, fine motor skills- fingers ; skeletal and muscular systems ie cardiac muscles pump blood, smooth muscles squeezes bladder to excrete

• Responsiveness → sense and respond to changes in the environment fast ; nervous system

• Digestion → breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be used by the body ; digestive system,, absorbed into the blood and transported around the body ; cardiovascular system

• Metabolism → all chemical reactions that happen inside cells ; digestive system provides molecules ; Respiratory system provides oxygen ; cardiovascular system transports oxygen and nutrients ; lymphatic system returns excess fluid ; endocrine system metabolism is regulated by hormones

What dies maintaining boundaries involve?

• Maintaining boundaries → keeping inside separate from ; Integumentary system

What does movement involve?

• Movement → Propelling ourselves from one place e to another, fine motor skills- fingers ; skeletal and muscular systems ie cardiac muscles pump blood, smooth muscles squeezes bladder to excrete

What does responsiveness involve?

• Responsiveness → sense and respond to changes in the environment fast ; nervous system

What does digestion involve?

• Digestion → breaking down large food molecules into smaller ones that can be used by the body ; digestive system,,

• absorbed into the blood and transported around the body ; cardiovascular system

What does metabolism involve?

• Metabolism → all chemical reactions that happen inside cells ;

• digestive system provides molecules ;

• Respiratory system provides oxygen ;

• cardiovascular system transports oxygen and nutrients ;

• lymphatic system returns excess fluid ;

• endocrine system metabolism is regulated by hormones

What dies excretion involve?

• Excretion → digestive system indigestible food as faeces,

• urinary system removes nitrogen containing byproducts of metabolism ie urea that would otherwise turn into the toxic ammonia ,

• cardiovascular system transports carbon dioxide,

• respiratory system releases carbon dioxide which could otherwise change pH

What does reproduction involve?

• Reproduction→ cellular level, mitosis, organism level, reproduction , babies reproductive system

• Organism level controlled by endocrine system

What dies growth involve?

Everything involved here

Describe the integumentary system

• waterproof, stretchable, washable, air conditioned coat that automatically repairs itself

• Made of the skin and its appendages : sweat glands, oil glands, hair, nails

• Forms external body covering

• Protects deep tissues from injury and synthesises vitamin D

Describe the skeletal system

• Strong yet light

• Internal structure

• 20% body mass

• Major elements is bones

• Also cartilage, joints, and ligaments

• Made mainly if connective tissue

• Forms internal scaffold

• Protects and supports internal organs

• Framework for muscles and movement

• Blood cells formed inside bones

• Bones store minerals

Describe the muscular systems

• allows us to mainupulate our environment

• Muscle tissue

• 3 types of muscle ; skeletal, cardiac, smooth

• Functions → movement, maintain posture, stabilise joints, generate heat (shivering increases metabolic rate so more energy is lost in the form of heat)

• Characteristics → excitability, contractability, extensibility, elasticity

Describe the nervous system

• master controlling and communicating system of the bidy

• Function is ; sensory input, integration, motor output

• Made up of the CNS and PNS

• CNS : brain and spinal cord,, reflexes, current conditions, past experience

• PNS : nerves (cranial or spinal), ganglia link the rest if the bidy to the CNS

What can nerves be in PNS ?

• Sensory (afferent)

• Motor (efferent)

Regulates muscles and glands via electrochemical impulses delivered by neurones in milliseconds

Describe the endocrine system

• glands secrete hormones

• Essential for regulation if cellular homeostasis (growth, metabolism, reproduction)

• Function , influences metabolic activity through hormone signalling

• Seconds or days

Define hormone

Chemical messenger secreted into extra cellular fluid

What are the differences between the nervous and endocrine system?

Describe the cardiovascular system

• keeps on pumping

• Tissue types : muscle (cardiac and smooth), connective tissue, epithelia (endothelium)

• 2 components are : blood vessels (carry blood) ,,, heart (pumps the blood around)

• function : carries gases, waste, nutrients, hormones ,,, transports immune system cells (connective tissue)

Describe the lymphatic system

• soaks up escaped fluid, acts as a waste reservoir

• Houses lymphocytes involved in immunity

Structure and function:

• lumpyatic vessels - flow excess fluid from tissues towards heart to return to blood

• Lymph nodes - filter lymph’s and house lymphocytes

• Lymph fluid - drained from extracellular space

• Spleen - site of lymphocite proliferation , destroys RBCs and blood borne pathogens

• Thymus - maturation site for T lymphocytes

Describe respiratory system

Keeps you supplied with oxygen and gets rid if waste carbon dioxide ,, gas exchange

Describe the digestive system

Breaking down if ingested food into useable nutrient molecules that can enter the cardiovascular or lymphatic systems

Then gets rid of indigestible remains poo

Describe the urinary system

Water regulation and nitrogenous waste disposal system, made up of kidneys and urethra (bladder)

Describe the reproductive system

• doesn’t do much and is doemant until puberty,

• Dictates a lot of our actions

Define homeostasis

A dynamic state of equilibrium, or balance, in which internal conditions vary but always within set limits of a functioning bidy

Describe nervous transmission in maintaining homeostatic balance

Describe homeostasis concerning body temperature