AP Stats Summer Assignment Vocab

Basic Vocab: General Terms; Types of Variables; Ways to Display Data; Terms associated with shape of a data set; Terms associated with center of a data set; Terms associated with the spread of a data set; Miscellaneous terms associated with display of data

Individuals

The objects described by a set of data

Variable

Charateristics of an individual that can take different values

Distribution

Describes how the values of a variable are spread out, including their shape, center, and variability

Qualitative Variable (Categorical)

Describes qualities or categories rather than numbers

Quantitative Variable

Represents numerical values that measure or count something

Categorical Variables

Same as qualitative variable

Pie Chart

Circular graph that shows each category as a proportion or percentage of the whole

Scatterplot

Graph of paired quantitative data used to examine the relationship between two variables

Histograms

A graph using touching bars to show the distribution of a quantitative variable

Bar Graph

Graph with seperated bars used to compare categories of qualitative data

Dot Plot

Graph where each data value is represented by a dot above a number line

Boxplot

A graph based on the five-number summary that displays the distribution's center, spread, and possible outliers.\

Stem and Leaf Plot

Display that seperates each data value into a stem and a leaf while preserving the original data values

Ogive

Graph of cumulative frequencies or cumulative relative frequencies

Symmetrical

Distribution where left and right sides are approximately mirror images

Skewed Left

A distribution with a long tail extending to the LEFT

Skewed Right

A distribution with a long tail extending to the RIGHT

Mean

Average of all data values

Median

Middle value in ordered data set; if there are two middle values then the median is the average of the two

Variance

Variance is the average squared distance of the data values from the mean
Variance = SD²

Standard Deviation

Measure of how far data values typically are from the mean

SD = √Variance

Range

Difference between largest and smallest values: Max - Min = Range

Interquartile Range (IQR)

Spread of the middle 50% of the data; IQR = Q3 - Q1

Outlier

Value unusually far from the rest of the data

Five - Number Summary

Five values that summarize data set: Min, Q1, Median, Q3, Max

Quartile Values

Values that divide an ordered data set into approximately four equal parts: Q1 - 25th percentile; Q2 - Median = 50th percentile; Q3 - 75th percentile

Maximum

Largest value in the data set

Minimum

Smallest value in the dataset

Decile

Values that divide an ordered data set into approximately ten equal parts

Resistant

Statistic that is not greatly affected by outliers

Nonresistant

Statistic affected by outliers