Permanent Maxillary Premolars

Using the Universal Numbering System, name All the Premolars.

Using the Universal Numbering System, name All the Premolars.

Maxillary: 4, 5, 12, 13

Mandibular: 20, 21, 28, 29

Using the FDA Numbering System, name All the Premolars.

Maxillary: 14, 15, 24, 25

Mandibular: 34, 35, 44, 45

Another word for Premolars are…

Bicuspids

Maxillary 1st Premolar

• Eruption Date:

• Completion of the Root:

Maxillary 1st Premolar

• Eruption Date: 10 - 11 Years

• Completion of the Root: 12 - 13 Years

Maxillary 2nd Premolar

• Eruption Date:

• Completion of the Root:

Maxillary 2nd Premolar

• Eruption Date: 11- 12 Years

• Completion of the Root: 12 -14 Years

How many Roots are typically found in the Permanent Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Two roots; Mesial and Distal

B) Two roots; Buccal and Lingual

C) Three roots; Buccal, Lingual and Labial

D) One root; Buccal

B) Two roots; Buccal and Lingual

The “Bifurcated” form of the Maxillary 1st Premolar refers to:

A) A single root form

B) Having two roots

C) Having three roots

D) Being laminated in shape

B) Having two roots

What is the shape of the Crown Outline of the Maxillary 1st Premolar when viewed Buccally?

A) Triangle

B) Rectangle

C) Oval

D) Pentagon

D) Pentagon

Which Cervical Concavity Side is MORE PRONOUNCED of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Mesial Cervical Concavity

B) Distal Cervical Concavity

C) Buccal Cervical Concavity

D) Lingual Cervical Concavity

A) Mesial Cervical Concavity

True or False: The Distal Cervical Concavity of the Maxillary 1st Premolar is MORE SHALLOW than the Mesial Cervical Concavity.

True.

Which Slope is LONGER on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Mesio-occlusal slope

B) Disto-occlusal slope

C) Linguo-occlusal slope

D) Buccal cusp tip

C) Mesio-occlusal slope

• MO Slope is LONGER than DO Slope.

Where is the Buccal Cusp Tip OFFSET on the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Mesial

B) Lingual

C) Distal

D) Occlusal

C) Distal

What describes the Mesio-occlusal Angle of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Acute; SHARPER than DO Angle

B) Acute; LESS SHARP than DO Angle

C) Obtuse; LESS SHARP than DO Angle

D) Obtuse; SHARPER than DO Angle

D) Obtuse; SHARPER than DO Angle

How does the Disto-occlusal Angle compare to the Mesio-occlusal Angle on the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Sharper

B) Duller

C) Less sharp

D) Equal

C) Less sharp

Where is the Mesial Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Junction of middle and cervical 1/3

B) Junction of middle and occlusal 1/3

C) Cervical 1/3

D) Occlusal 1/3

B) Junction of middle and occlusal 1/3

How does the location of the Distal Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area compare to the Mesial on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Slightly more cervical in the middle 1/3

B) Slightly more occlusal in the middle 1/3

C) Slightly less cervical in the occlusal 1/3

D) Slightly less occlusal in the cervical 1/3

A) Slightly more cervical in the middle 1/3

The Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar shows a Shallow, even Curve towards the __________.

Apex.

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 (aqua) =

• 1 = Buccal Ridge

• 2 = Mesiobuccal (MB) Developmental Depression

• 3 (aqua) = Distobuccal (DB) Developmental Depression

What is the Shape of the Crown Outline of the Maxillary 1st Premolar when viewed Lingually?

A) Oval

B) Rectangular

C) Pentagonal

D) Triangular

C) Pentagonal

How does the Lingual Root typically compare to the Buccal Root in the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Shorter

B) Longer

C) Equal in length

D) Absent

A) Shorter

How is the Lingual Cusp positioned on the Maxillary 1st Premolar when viewed Lingually?

A) Longer, offset to the distal

B) Shorter, offset to the mesial

C) Shorter, offset to the distal

D) Central, aligned with the buccal cusp

B) Shorter, offset to the mesial

The Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Lingual view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar shows an Even Curve __________.

Toward the Apex.

What is the shape of the Crown Outline of the Maxillary 1st Premolar when viewed Mesially and Distally?

A) Triangular

B) Trapezoidal

C) Pentagonal

D) Circular

B) Trapezoidal

How would you describe the Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Convex

B) Concave

C) Even

D) Straight

C) Even

The “Root Trunk” on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar is defined as the portion between the __________ and Furcation.

CEJ.

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface from the Mesial view Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 =

• 1 = Root Apices

• 2 = Root Bifurcation

• 3 = Root Trunk

What is the Mesial Concavity on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) A root Anomaly

B) A Depression

C) A Crown irregularity

D) A Furcation defect

B) A Depression

__________ is often seen in the Mesial Concavity of the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

Calculus

Where is the Buccal Height of Contour (HOC) located on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Middle 1/3

C) Cervical 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

C) Cervical 1/3

The Lingual Height of Contour (HOC) on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar is located in the __________.

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Middle 1/3

C) Cervical 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Middle 1/3

The Mesial Height of Contour/Contact Area on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar is a CIRCULAR area OFFSET to the __________.

Buccal

The Buccal Cusp of the Maxillary 1st Premolar is __________ than the Lingual Cusp on its Mesial view.

Taller

How does the Mesial Marginal ridge compare to the Distal Marginal ridge on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Lower

B) Higher

C) Equal

D) Absent

B) Higher

Where does the Mesial Marginal Groove Extend on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Only on the ridge and onto the distal surface

B) Over the ridge and onto the mesial surface

C) Into the pulp chamber and onto the buccal surface

D) Along the occlusal surface

B) Over the ridge and onto the mesial surface

How would you describe the Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Distal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Very Convex

B) Very Concave

C) Very slight, Straight Curvature

D) Very slight, Even Curvature

D) Very slight, Even Curvature

How does the Lingual Cusp compare to the Buccal Cusp on the Distal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Taller and sharper

B) Equal in height and more sharp

C) Longer and more round

D) Shorter and more round

D) Shorter and more round

How would you describe the Shape of the Distal Contact Area on the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Small, Circular

B) Large, Triangular

C) Small, Rectangular

D) Large, Ovoid

D) Large, Ovoid

How does the Distal Marginal Ridge compare to the Mesial Marginal Ridge on the Distal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) More cervically placed

B) More occlusally placed

C) Less cervically placed

D) Less occlusally placed

A) More cervically placed

What is typically observed regarding the Distal Marginal Groove on the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Always present

B) Usually absent

C) Extends onto the occlusal surface

D) Only seen in older individuals

B) Usually absent

Where does the Central Groove or Sulcus typically run on the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Between buccal pit and lingual pit

B) Across the lingual surface

C) Between mesial pit and distal pit

D) Around the crown perimeter

C) Between mesial pit and distal pit

The Mesial Marginal Groove on the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 1st Premolar Originates and Runs from which Anatomical feature?

A) Mesial pit; Distal Marginal Ridge

B) Mesial pit; Mesial Marginal Ridge

C) Distal pit; Distal Marginal Ridge

D) Distal pit; Mesial Marginal Ridge

B) Mesial pit; Mesial Marginal Ridge

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface from the Occlusal view Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 =

• 4 =

• 5 (aqua) =

• 1 = Buccal Cusp Tip

• 2 = Lingual Cusp Tip

• 3 = Buccal Triangular Ridge

• 4 = Lingual Triangular Ridge

• 5 (aqua) = Transverse Ridge

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface from the Occlusal view Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 (aqua) =

• 4 =

• 5 (orange) =

• 1 = Buccal cusp tip

• 2 = B cusp ridge of the B cusp

• 3 (aqua) = M cusp ridge of the B cusp

• 4 = B triangular ridge

• 5 (orange) = D cusp ridge of the B cusp

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface from the Occlusal view Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 (orange) =

• 4 =

• 5 (aqua) =

• 1 = Lingual cusp tip

• 2 = L cusp ridge of the L cusp

• 3 (orange) = D cusp ridge of the L cusp

• 4 = L triangular ridge

• 5 (aqua) = M cusp ridge of the L cusp

From the Picture Shown, Name each colored Surface from the Occlusal view Respectively for the Maxillary 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 (orange) =

• 3 =

• 4 (aqua) =

• 5 (dark blue) =

• 6 (light blue) =

• 7 =

• 8 =

• 9 (hot pink) =

• 1 = Mesial Pit

• 2 (orange) = • MB Triangular groove

• 3 = ML Triangular groove

• 4 (aqua) = M marginal groove

• 5 (dark blue) = Central Groove or Sulcus

• 6 (light blue) = Distal Pit

• 7 = DB Triangular groove

• 8 = DL Triangular groove

• 9 (hot pink) = Secondary Grooves

How does the Crown Outline form of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar in the Buccal view compare to the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Pentagonal but more angular

B) Pentagonal but less angular

C) Trapezoidal but more angular

D) Circular but less angular

B) Pentagonal but less angular

What is the characteristic of the Mesial Outline of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar in the Buccal view?

A) Little or no cervical depression

B) Pronounced cervical depression

C) Large mesial concavity

D) Absence of mesial outline

A) Little or no cervical depression

• (no M concavity as max. 1st premolar)

The Root Apex of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar in the Buccal view is OFFSET to the __________.

Distal.

The Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar exhibits a Shallow, __________ Curve.

Even.

How does the Buccal Cusp tip of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar appear when viewed from the Buccal aspect?

A) Sharp and pointed, offset to mesial

B) Rounded, offset to mesial

C) Sharp and pointed, offset to distal

D) Rounded, offset to distal

B) Rounded, offset to mesial

In the mouth, how do the Buccal Cusp Tips of the Maxillary 1st and 2nd Premolars appear relative to each other?

A) They are aligned vertically

B) They are offset to the distal

C) They appear to be coming together

D) They are absent

C) They appear to be coming together

• 1st Premolar: B Cusp offset to Distal.

• 2nd Premolar B Cusp offset to Mesial.

• Therefore, they come together → ←.

How does the Mesio-occlusal Cusp Ridge compare to the Disto-occlusal Cusp Ridge on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Equal in length

B) Shorter

C) Longer

D) Absent

B) Shorter

• Mesio-occlusal Cusp Ridge is SHORTER than Disto-occlusal Cusp Ridge.

Which Cusp Ridge is LONGER on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Disto-occlusal cusp ridge

B) Mesio-occlusal cusp ridge

C) Both are equal

D) They are absent

A) Disto-occlusal cusp ridge

• Disto-occlusal Cusp Ridge is LONGER than Mesio-occlusal Cusp Ridge.

Where is the Mesial Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Junction of middle and incisal 1/3

B) Junction of middle and cervical 1/3

C) Junction of middle & occlusal 1/3

D) Near the distal pit

C) Junction of middle & occlusal 1/3

Where is the Distal Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Buccal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Junction of middle and incisal 1/3

B) Junction of middle and cervical 1/3

C) Junction of middle & occlusal 1/3

D) Near the distal pit

C) Junction of middle & occlusal 1/3

What is the Crown Outline form of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar in the Lingual view?

A) Circular but less angular

B) Rectangular but more angular

C) Pentagonal but more angular

D) Pentagonal but less angular

D) Pentagonal but less angular

How does the Lingual Cusp of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar compare to the Lingual Cusp of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Longer

B) Shorter

C) Equal in length

D) Absent

A) Longer

How is the Lingual Cusp of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar positioned?

A) Slightly Offset to the distal

B) Slightly Offset to the buccal

C) Slightly Offset to mesial

D) Central

C) Slightly Offset to mesial

What is the Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Lingual view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Irregular

B) Jagged

C) Uneven

D) Even

D) Even

How do the Buccal Cusp and Lingual Cusp heights compare on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Buccal cusp is taller than lingual cusp

B) Lingual cusp is taller than buccal cusp

C) Almost equal height

D) Buccal cusp is absent

C) Almost equal height

What is the depth of Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) 2 mm

B) 3 mm

C) 1 mm

D) No curvature present

C) 1 mm

Where is the Buccal Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Junction of middle and occlusal 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Cervical 1/3

D) Cervical 1/3

Where is the Lingual Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Junction of middle and occlusal 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Cervical 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

How does the Mesial Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar compare to that of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Slightly More Occlusally

B) Slightly More Cervically

C) Equal in location

D) Slightly More Lingually

B) Slightly More Cervically

Where is the Mesial Marginal Ridge located on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar compared to the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) More Occlusally

B) More Lingually

C) More Cervically

D) Absent

C) More Cervically

Is there a Mesial Marginal Groove present on the Mesial view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Yes

B) No

B) No

What is the Crown Outline form of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar in the Distal view?

A) Circular but more angular

B) Pentagonal but less angular

C) Trapezoid more angular

D) Trapezoid but less angular

D) Trapezoid but less angular

How would you describe the Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ) on the Distal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Highly curved

B) Even

C) Uneven

D) Nearly flat

D) Nearly flat

Where is the Distal Height of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area located on the Distal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar compared to the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Slightly more occlusally

B) Slightly more cervical

C) At the same level

D) Slightly more middle

B) Slightly more cervical

How does the Distal Marginal Ridge on the Distal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar compare to that of the Maxillary 1st Premolar?

A) Slightly more occlusally

B) Slightly more cervical

C) Slightly more middle

D) Absent

B) Slightly more cervical

What is the Occlusal Outline form of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Soft pentagon, with sharp occlusal line angles

B) Soft hexagon, with sharp occlusal line angles

C) Soft hexagon, with rounded occlusal line angles

D) Soft Trapezoid, with rounded occlusal line angles

C) Soft hexagon, with rounded occlusal line angles

How are the Lingual Cusp Tip and Buccal Cusp Tip positioned in the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Both offset distally

B) Both centered

C) Both offset slightly to mesial

D) Lingual offset to mesial, buccal offset distally

C) Both offset slightly to mesial

How would you describe the Central Groove or Sulcus on the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Long and deep

B) Shallow and broad

C) Short

D) Absent

C) Short

What is the characteristic of the Secondary Grooves on the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar?

A) Single and deep

B) Sparse and shallow

C) Multiple

D) Absent

C) Multiple

The Fossae and Ridges on the Occlusal view of the Maxillary 2nd Premolar are __________ those of the 1st Premolar.

A) same

B) different

A) same

1st Premolar (Distal/Mesial View):

Buccal Cuspid ___ Lingual Cuspid

Pick one: >, <, ≤, ≥, = ?

2nd Premolar (Distal/Mesial View):

Buccal Cuspid ___ Lingual Cuspid

Pick one: >, <, ≤, ≥, = ?

1st Premolar (Distal/Mesial View):

Buccal Cuspid > Lingual Cuspid

2nd Premolar (Distal/Mesial View):

Buccal Cuspid = Lingual Cuspid

1st Premolar (Lingual View)

Buccal Cuspid ___ Lingual Cuspid

Pick one: >, <, ≤, ≥, = ?

2nd Premolar (Lingual View):

Buccal Cuspid ___ Lingual Cuspid

Pick one: >, <, ≤, ≥, = ?

1st Premolar (Lingual View)

Buccal Cuspid > Lingual Cuspid

2nd Premolar (Lingual View):

Buccal Cuspid = Lingual Cuspid

From an Occlusal view, Maxillary 1st Premolars are Pentagonal, while Maxillary 2nd Premolars are ________.

Oval/Circular

From the Occlusal view, of the:

• Maxillary 1st Premolar: The Lingual Cusp is ________ than the Buccal Cusp.

• Maxillary 2nd Premolar: The Lingual Cusp is ________ to the Buccal Cusp

• Maxillary 1st Premolar: The Lingual Cusp is SHORTER and SMALLER than the Buccal Cusp.

• Maxillary 2nd Premolar: The Lingual Cusp is EQUAL to the Buccal Cusp