Chairside Unit 2 Exam

dentist will usually refer to ____ & ____ by their number, rather than by their name?

pliers & forceps

portion of the instrument where the operator grasps or holds the instrument; some are round or hexagonal?

handle

refers to the part of the instrument that attaches the working end to the handle; bends or angles are designed to reach specific areas of tooth?

shank

instruments used interproximally have more _____ in their shanks?

angles

instruments used on facial or buccal surface of tooth tend to have a _______ shank?

straighter

refers to the portion of the instrument with a specific function?

working end

the working end can have a?

point

blade

nib

if the instrument has a nib, the area may be smooth or?

serrated

hand instruments are?

single or double ended

has shank & working end at both ends of the handle; often mirror images (reverse angles) of each other?

double ended instruments

double ended instruments are referred to as?

left and right instruments

a ________ doubled ended instrument is designed to have two different working ends that would be needed for the same procedure?

multipurpose

example of a multipurpose double ended instrument?

woodson (nib on one end & paddle on other)

designed a formula that describes the angulations and dimensions of the working end of a hand instrument?

G.V. Black

have 3-4 numbers separated by a dash or space?

hand cutting & scaling instruments

first number?

width of blade

second number?

cutting edge angle

third number?

blade length

fourth number?

blade angle

instruments used in restorative & aesthetic dental procedures are classified into what 4 categories?

examination

hand cutting

restorative

accessory

allows operator to thoroughly examine the health status of the oral cavity?

examination instruments

allows the operator to remove decay manually and to smooth, finish, and prepare the tooth structure for final preparation?

hand cutting instruments

allows the operator to “restore” a tooth by placing, condensing, and carving a dental material to the original anatomy of the tooth structure?

restorative instruments

are miscellaneous instruments and items that are used to complete a procedure?

accessory instruments

procedure tray is set up from?

left to right

how instruments are transferred/used throughout procedure

clinical assistant uses ____ hand when transferring instruments for a right handed dentist?

left

the “basic setup” will be first on the tray, followed by?

any additional examination instruments, then hand cutting instruments, then restorative instruments

all accessory instruments on tray or countertop in organized/sequenced manner

most often used instruments on tray?

examination instruments

what does the “basic setup” consist of?

mouth mirror

explorer

cotton pliers

what are the 4 major uses of the mouth mirror?

indirect vision

light reflection

retraction

transillumination

allows operator to see areas of the mouth that are not visible in direct vision?

indirect vision

directs light into areas of the mouth that are not directly accessible with the operating light?

light reflection

maintains a clear operating field by keeping the tongue or cheek out of the way during a procedure?

retraction

reflects light through tooth to detect fractures (craze lines)

transillumination

are to be transferred simultaneously with the use of a two-handed transfer?

mouth mirror (2nd on tray) & explorer (1st on tray)

hand cutting instruments allow the dentist to?

manually remove decayed tooth structure

smooth cavity walls/floors of tooth preparation

place vels or retention grooves to hold dental material within tooth

restorative instruments are used to?

carry & place dental material

condense material in prepared tooth structure

carve restorative dental material to reflect normal anatomy

examination instruments?

mouth mirror

explorer

cotton pliers

periodontal probe

designed to have straight handle, slight angle to shank, and working end with round metal disc & mirror on one side; mirror can have flat or concave surface?

mouth mirror

multifunctional instrument; have thin, flexible, wirelike working end w/sharp point at tip; tip enables operator to use tactile sensitivity to distinguish areas of calculus or decay from discrepancies on surfaces of teeth?

explorer

common types of explorers?

pig tail

shepherd’s hook

orban

used to carry, place, & retrieve small objects, like cotton pellets, gingival retraction cord, matrix bands, and wedges to & from mouth; non-locking - handles must be held closed with fingers; locking - handles can be locked in closed position & tips do not open until lock is released; tips are either plain, serrated, or beaks?

cotton pliers

used to measure sulcus or pocket depth of periodontium of each tooth; measurement indicates overall gingival health of area; working end has calibrated markings in millimeters; some are color coded?

periodontal probe

hand cutting instruments?

excavator

hoe

chisel

hatchet

gingival margin trimmer

one of the most versatile instruments on tray setup; have working end that is “spoon” shaped & circular or elongated?

excavator

two most used excavators are?

spoon excavators - remove soft dentin, debris, & decay

black spoon - flat appearance, used for same purpose

similar in appearance to garden tool; blade is perpendicular to handle; used to prepare tooth & plane the walls & floors of tooth preparation w/ push-pull action?

hoe

straight or angled shank & single-beveled cutting edge; used to break down enamel margin of tooth preparation, to form lines & point angles, and place retention grooves?

chisel

common types of chisels include?

straight chisel

bin-angle chisel

wedelstaedt chisel

angle-formed chisel

similar to wood hatchets; cutting edge is parallel to long axis of handle; used to cut enamel & smooth walls & floors of tooth prep?

hatchet

type of chisel that is modified so blade is curved slightly for mesial/distal access into preparation; used to cut enamel & place bevels along gingival enamel margins of prep?

gingival marginal trimmer

restorative instruments?

amalgam carrier

condensers

burnisher

carvers (discoid-cleoid, hollenback walls 1, walls 3)

composite placement

woodson

double ended with wells on either end; used to pack freshly mixed amalgam & carry it to prepped tooth; hold large amount on one end/smaller amount on other?

amalgam carrier

aka pluggers; have flat working end (smooth or serrated); shank is angled to reach all areas of prep?

condensers

different types of condensers?

composite condenser

amalgam condenser

often teflon coated to prevent sticking & discoloration of restorative material?

composite condenser

used to condense freshly placed amalgam into prep?

amalgam condenser

smooth working end; routinely used to smooth surface of restorative material by directing material against cavity wall & margin and for final contouring?

burnisher

different types of burnishers?

football/egg

ball

acorn

t-ball

beaver tail

sharp edge on working end to remove excess material, contour surfaces, & carve anatomy?

carvers

disk & claw-like end; useful for carving restorative material on occlusal surfaces?

discoid-cleoid carver

has flat tapered working end to contour or remove excess restorative material interproximally?

hollenback carver

has flat angled working end w/sharp edge for removal of excess restorative material along margin where material & tooth structure meet; has several angles in shank & working end?

amalgam knife

designed specifically for placement of composite restorative material; made from anodized aluminum or teflon (prevent scratches); do not discolor material, as do stainless steel?

composite placement instruments

2 different composite placement instruments?

teflon composite instrument

aluminum composite instrument

double ended instrument that is made form hard plastic or stainless steel; one end is a nib which resembles a condenser, other end is a paddle used for carry ing dental materials to prepped tooth?

woodson

accessory instruments?

spatulas

scissors

amalgam well

howe pliers

articulating paper holder

used for procedures in which mixing of dental materials is needed; flexible one is single ended, made of stainless steel, come in two sizes (15 & 24), and used to mix liners, bases, & cements?

spatulas

most often associated w/restorative dental procedures are termed crown & bridge and are available w/curved or straight blades; useful for cutting dental dam material, retraction cords, & stainless steel crowns?

scissors

made of metal and is weighted with nonskid base; newly mixed amalgam is placed in this, then picked up in carrier for transfer for dentist?

amalgam well

aka 110 pliers; straight & beaks that have flat, rounded ends, making it useful for holding cotton product to and from oral cavity, removing matrix band, and placing/removing wedge?

howe pliers

used to hold & carry articulating paper; varies in thickness & color and used to check bite after placement of new restoration, crown, bridge, or denture; mark must appear equal in distribution across occlusal surface of tooth; if one area appears lighter or darker, bite is incorrect?

articulating paper/holder

a method to maintain organization & be prepared for procedure is to have hand instruments in a?

preset cassette

additional supplies & dental materials for procedures can be stored in?

mobile cabinet drawers or enclosed plastic tub

one of the most convenient & efficient ways to organize instruments and supplies for specific procedures?

color coding

means to occur in rotation around an axis?

rotary

the first dental handpiece was operated by a?

long belt

most frequently used instrument in dentistry?

handpiece

aka “slow speed” or “straight” handpiece; is one of the most versatile handpieces used by the dental team?

low-speed handpiece

what 3 different versions can the low-speed motor be adapted into?

straight attachment

contra-angle attachment

prophy attachment

generally used for procedures that take place outside the oral cavity & in the laboratory setting away from patient?

straight attachment

common uses of the straight attachment?

trimming/contouring custom impressions & whitening trays

trimming/contouring of temporary & provisional purposes

trimming/relining removable partials & dentures

trimming/contouring orthodontic appliances

angle of the attachment is designed to allow the operatory access intraorally with easier adaptation to tooth surfaces?

contra-angle attachment

what is the contra-angle attachment used for?

removal of soft decay & fine finishing of cavity prep

finishing/polishing restorations

adjustments of porcelain and/or gold fixed restorations

root canal treatment

used for coronal polishing procedures; common type is the plastic disposable, which is discarded after a single use?

prophy attachment

considered to be the system of accuracy in a fast and highly efficient manner?

high-speed handpiece

what is the high-speed handpiece used for?

restorative procedures

endodontics

fixed prosthodontics

what 2 types of power systems does the high-speed handpiece have?

air-driven

electric

the air driven power system of the high-speed handpiece operates from air pressure by the foot-controlled rheostat and reaches speed up to?

450,000 rpm

the electric power supply of the high-speed handpiece uses an electric motor to operate with the speed of up to?

200,000 rpm

does the high-speed have any attachments?

no

the only additional item placed in the high-speed handpiece is the?

rotary instrument (bur)

the high-speed handpiece is used intraorally for what clinical procedures?

removal of decay

remove of old/faulty restoration

reduction in crown portion for indirect restorations

prep of outline & retention grooves for restorations

finishing/polishing restorations

with the rotation of the bur at such high speeds, the high-speed handpiece will generate a frictional heat on the tooth, which could possibly cause damage to the?

pulp

to protect against pulp damage, the high-speed handpiece is designed with a?

water coolant system

high-speed handpieces are equipped with a ________ that is placed in the head of the handpiece; light ports are near the bur?

fiber optic light

the contra-angle attachment uses a _________ locking system to hold different types of rotary cutting/finishing instruments & accessories?

latch-type

friction grip

the high-speed handpiece uses the _________ method to hold burs, stones, & polishing devices; some older handpieces require the use of a bur-changing device?

friction grip

one of the most used pieces of equipment in the dental lab?

laboratory handpiece

the laboratory handpiece is foot operated and rotates at speeds up to?

20,000 rpm