Chapter 10 Pageant Quiz

According to the text, why did Americans face an uphill battle in constructing and following a new Constitution?

bc they had a decade of lawbreaking and constitution smashing

At what rate was the Republic growing in 1789?

Population doubled every 25 years.

What was the population of the United States in 1790? Why do we know this number?

4 million; US Constitution requires a census every 10 years

Despite the flourishing cities, what percentage of the population lived in rural areas?

90%

What will be the first state to enter the union after the original thirteen?

Vermont

What was unique about George Washington’s Electoral College victory in 1789 compared to all other presidents? How was he elected?

Only Unanimous; Only the Electors voted.

What qualities did Washington possess which helped make him our “Father of our Country”?

6 feet 2 inches and in good shape, didn’t angle for the office, strength of character

What famous quote is associated with Washington concerning “firsts”?

First in War. First in Peace. First in the hearts of his countrymen.

Why did Washington create his cabinet?

Duties of President was too much for one individual. You must have advisors to be successful.

Which branch of the government created the first three cabinet positions?

Legislative Branch

What were the first three cabinet positions and were their Secretaries?

State—Thomas Jefferson, Treasury—Alexander Hamilton, War—Henry Knox

How many cabinet positions do we presently have (can’t trust the book, because it’s missing The Department of Homeland Security)?

17

How were 26 of the 27 Constitutional Amendments ratified?

2/3 vote of both Congress houses and 3⁄4 vote by state legislatures.

What is unique about James Madison creating both the Constitution and the Bill of Rights?

The Constitution created a strong centralized government and BOR was meant to protect individuals from that same strong central government.

What does the First Amendment protect?

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition.

What does the Second Amendment protect?

The right to keep and bear arms.

What does the Third Amendment protect?

Protection against quartering soldiers

What does the Fourth Amendment protect?

Protection against unreasonable searches

What does the Fifth Amendment protect?

protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy

What does the Sixth Amendment protect?

speedy public trial, an impartial jury

What does the Seventh Amendment protect?

The right to a jury trial

What does the Eighth Amendment protect?

Protection against excessive bail and unusual punishment.

What does the Ninth Amendment protect?

Rights retained by the people even if they are not listed in the Constitution.

What does the Tenth Amendment protect?

Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people.

Which proposed Bill of Rights amendment was never ratified?

Congressional apportionment

What happened to the proposed amendment on congressional pay raises?

ratified as Twenty-seventh Amendment.

Why was the Bill of Rights created?

To protect individual rights from the federal government.

What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 create?

Federal courts and the Supreme Court

How many members did SCOTUS originally have? Now?

6→9

How were Jefferson and Hamilton’s views different concerning government?

Jefferson wanted a very small central government. Hamilton wanted a democracy (cosmopolitan America).

What does E Pluribus Unum mean?

Out of Many, One

What is the motto of the US?

E Pluribus Unum

Why did Alexander Hamilton favor a national debt? How as Hamilton going to pay for the debt?

The more creditors the government owed money, more people rely on the success of the US → Excise taxes.

What did the Compromise of 1790 (first of three compromises every thirty years to tryand prevent a Civil War) do?

Allowed for the assumption of all public debt by the States during the American Revolution (opposed by Southerners), Allowed for the creation of an excise tax on alcohol, Creation of the Bank of the United States, and located the capital of the United States in the South (Virginia and Maryland).

Which excise tax will cause Washington to deploy the National Army? Where was the rebellion?

Whiskey. Pennsylvania

What is Hamilton’s rationale for the creation of a Bank of the United States?

Provide paper money + stable national currency

According to Thomas Jefferson, which Amendment to the Constitution prohibited the federal government from creating a Bank of the United States?

10th

Which clause will be used to justify the creation of the Bank of the United States?

Elastic

Which type of power allowed Congress to create the Bank of the United States?

implied

What type of interpretation of the Constitution did Hamilton use in the creation of the Bank ofthe United States? Which interpretation did Jefferson want used?

Loose—Strict

How long was the Bank of the United States first chartered for?

Twenty years

What is “Old Monongahela Rye”?

Rye and corn alcohol produced in PA

What was the cry by PA citizens concerning the Whiskey tax?

“Liberty and No Excise”

This political party is most associated with Alexander Hamilton?

Federalists

In what year did the modern day Democratic Party evolve?

1832

In what year did the modern day Republican Party evolve?

1854

During what time period was there one party conscience?

Ghent Nationalism

In what Presidential election did we see the death of the Federalist Party? Who was elected president?

1816 James Madison

What was the major cause of the death of the Federalist Party (not in this chapter)?

Their opposition to the War of 1812 and the Hartford Convention

How did the Founding Fathers envision political parties?

They didn’t.

What type of party system do we have in the United States?

Two-Party

Which political party would have supported the French Revolution?

Democratic-Republicans

What surprising proclamation did Washington make in 1793 and what did it concern?

Neutrality in the war between Britain and France. Surprising bc French helped us in the Am. Rev.

Who was Citizen Edmond Genêt?

French representative trying to drum up French support in their war against Britain

What was Citizen Genêt’s major mistake (not addressed in the chapter)?

Skipped Washington before others

How did Washington’s neutrality help US trade?

British fleets would have cut off supplies.

How did the British upset the Americans in the French West Indies?

impressement

Why did the Federalists refuse to challenge the British after the many things they did to the Americans?

Most Federalists were northerners and their business ties were with the British.

What promise did the British make in Jay’s treaty—again?

Promised to evacuate the posts on US soil.

What other concession did the British make in Jay’s treaty?

Pay damages for the recent seizures of American ships

Which provision left out of Jay’s treaty upset Americans?

Did not address future impressment

What unintended consequence did Jay’s treaty have upon party politics?

Vitalized the Democratic-Republicans led by Thomas Jefferson

Which treaty was signed between the US and Spain granting the Americans free navigation ofthe Mississippi and the large disputed territory north of Florida?

Pinckney’s

What tradition established by Washington would last until the 1940s?

Two-term limit

Which president broke with Washington’s tradition?

FDR

What type of alliances did Washington favor?

Temporary or extraordinary

Which amendment will term limit the President?

22nd

What two major goals had Washington accomplished in his presidency according to the text?

Kept the nation out of both overseas entanglements and foreign wars

What was unique about the election results of the election of 1796 concerning the President and VP?

Adams will be elected, but his opponent, Thomas Jefferson will be elected VP

What nickname did his critics use in describing John Adams?

His Rotundity

Who did John Adams regard as “the most ruthless, impatient, artful, indefatigable and unprincipled intriguer in the US, if not the world.”?

Alexander Hamilton

The war faction of the Federalist party was referred to as

The “High Federalists”

This event caused an unofficial war between the United States and France? Describe the event.

XYZ Affair John Adams sent Charles Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry to represent the United States before the French government. XYZ required the following concessions: France be paid $50,000 pounds sterling, a $12 million loan from the United States, a $250,000 personal bribe to French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand, and a formal apology for comments made by President John Adams. When Congress demanded to see the documents, Adams gave them copies with the real names of the Frenchmen coded X, Y and Z.

Who were XYZ?

X was Baron Jean-Conrad Hottinguer, Y was Pierre Bellamy, and Z was Lucien Hauteval who represented France. They were asking for concessions from the American reps.

What famous cry came out of the XYZ Affair? Why is the XYZ Affair considered important?

“Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute (bribes)!”; The United States avoided a full blown war with France.

What was the purposes of the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

Alien Acts: They doubled the number of years to become a US citizen.
Sedition Acts: made it a crime to publish false writing against the govt or certain officials.

What two documents will be written by Jefferson and Madison concerning the Federalist witch- hunt?

Jefferson - Kentucky; Madison - Virginia Resolutions

What policy will these two documents create which will be used in the mid-1800s concerning slavery?

The policy of nullification of a federal law by State government.

Why did Hamiltonians distrust full-blown democracy? (Mr. Hjort’s fear also)

Feared the “swayability” of the untutored common folks

Which presidential candidate was called a godless heathen?

Thomas Jefferson

Place the following in Chronological Order: Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, First official census, XYZ affair, Washington reelected president, Judiciary Act of 1789, Convention of 1800, Battle of Fallen Timbers

Judiciary Act, First official census, Washington reelected, Battle of Fallen, XYZ affair, Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, Convention of 1800.