Cells Biolo

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4 Terms

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What do plant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have

cell membrane

cytoplasm

genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.

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Difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Bacterial cells (prokaryotic cells) are much smaller in comparison.

They have cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall.

The genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus.

It is a single DNA loop and there may be one or more small rings of DNA called plasmids.

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Cell size

Most animal and plant cells are 0.01 – 0.10 mm in size. The smallest thing seen with the naked eye is about 0.05 mm.

For all cells we need a microscope to see them in any detail.

The best unit to measure most cells is the micrometre, symbol μm.

For some sub-cellular structures, for instance ribosomes, or organisms such as viruses, it’s best to use a smaller unit – the nanometre, symbol nm.

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Animal cells

  • a nucleus

  • cytoplasm

  • a cell membrane

  • mitochondria

  • ribosomes.