Unit 2 Practical Exam - Part 1

Divisions of skeleton, types of bones(based on shape), Parts of long bone, generic bony features/markings, muscular attachment points (raised features), Features related to joints

Division that is the central axis - Skull, Hyoid bone, Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum

Axial

Parts of the axial division

Skull, Hyoid bone, Vertebrae, Ribs, Sternum

Division that includes the appendages - Upper Extremities, Lower Extremities, Girdles

Appendicular

Parts of the appendicular division

Upper Extremities, Lower Extremities, Girdles

Cylindrical shape, longer than wide. Compact bone on the outer layer, spongy bone in ends (epiphyses) - Femur

Long bone

Cube-like shape, mostly spongy with a thin layer of compact bone - Carpals

Short bone

Thin, flattened shape, often slightly curved. Two layers of compact bone with spongy bone in between - Ribs

Flat bone

Complex shape, not fitting other categories. Composition varies. - Vertebrae

Irregular bone

Small, round, embedded in tendons, primarily spongy bone - Patella

Sesamoid bone

Extra bone pieces found between skull structures -Wormian bones(small bones in skull sutures

Sutural bone

“Crack”, narrow, slit-like opening through which blood vessels and nerves pass

Fissure

Space between cranial bones at birth

Fontanel

“Hole”, rounded opening through which blood vessels, ligaments

Foramen

Tube or passageway within a bone

Meatus

A shallow, basin-like depression

Fossa

Air-filled cavity within a bone lined with mucous membrane

Sinus

Groove that allows passage of blood vessel, nerve, or tendon

Sulcus

Prominent border/ridge of bone

Crest

Prominence above a condyle

Epicondyle

Ridge of bone less prominent than a crest

Linea

Projection/outgrowth from the main bone

Process

Very large prominence (only on femur)

Trochanter

Large, round, roughened process

Tuberosity

Large, round articulating prominence

Condyle

Smooth, flat articulating surface

Facet

Rounded articulating projection supported on narrow a neck

Head

Projection of a bone that forms an angle with the largest part of the bone

Ramus

Has a mesh of bony spines called trabeulae

Spongy bone

Looks smooth and solid

Compact bone