Religion, War, and Peace: Islam

Sharia

laws that guide communities in Islam

Mecca

holiest city and is faced during prayer, associated with origins of Islam, destination of Hajj

Pillar 1: Shahada

declaration of faith to convert to Islam

Pillar 2: Salah

praying 5 times a day facing Mecca

Pillar 3: Zakat

giving a portion of you wealth to those in need to redistribute wealth

Pillar 4: Sawm

Fasting during Ramadan

Pillar 5: Hajj

pilgrimage, sacred journey to mecca, unity of muslim world

Jihad

means “struggle“ this can refer to a armed struggle or a personal/moral struggle

Conflict in Holy land a. who is involved

Jewish Israelis and Palestinians

Conflict in Holy land b. timeline 1

1917-1947: British control, largescale Jewish immigration, Palestinian opposition increases

Conflict in Holy land b. timeline 2

1947: UN proposition of separate Jewish and Arab state

Conflict in Holy land b. timeline 3

Israel declares independence, war breaks out, Nakba occurs which leads to largescale Palestinian displacement

Conflict in Holy land b. timeline 4

6 day war occurs, Israel captures lots of land but gives some back but keeps west bank, east Jerusalem, and golan heights

Jewish Israeli Activists

Tzelem Elokim (image of God), follow God’s ways of compassion and justice

Ways to respond to trama: Healing

Someone abused as a child starts a non-profit to help other domestic violence victims

Ways to respond to trauma: Repeating cycle

Someone abused as a child begins abusing others

Paradise Now: Said and Khaled

violence is legit and valid response to their suffering, every peaceful solution has failed

Paradise Now: Suha

Disagrees with notion that violence is necessary, harming civilians isn’t a solution

Hajj Effect

going on Hajj leads to Muslims being more accepting of each other and being more tolerant of groups that may be different from them i.e.. religious tolerance, better attitude towards women’s rights

Sharia law source

Quran, Ijtihad (independent reasoning), consensus among scholars, stories from Muhammad

Jihad - Hashmi

similar to just war theory, tension between legal and ethical, permissable vs forbidden wars

Sharia - Mecca

more focused on faith and morality

Sharia - Medina

more focused on defense and protection, war allowed during holy month