Messiah University- Kinesiology Exam 1

What is the origin of Trapezius?

Occipital bone, neck ligaments, spinous process of C7 and all thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of Trapezius?

Acromion process, outer clavicle, spine of scapula

What is the action of Trapezius?

Scapular elevation, adduction/retraction, upward rotation and depression (depending on fibers); neck extension, lateral flexion and rotation; thoracic extension

What does the upper trapezius do?

Elevates scapula; contributes to neck extension, lateral flexion and rotation.

What do the trapezius fibers do together?

Move and stabilize the scapula; upper and lower fibers assist upward rotation.

What is the origin of Serratus anterior?

Lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8 (sometimes 9)

What is the insertion of Serratus anterior?

Length of medial border of anterior surface of scapula

What is the action of Serratus anterior?

Scapular abduction/protraction and upward rotation

Which muscle helps keep the scapula against the rib cage?

Serratus anterior.

What is the origin of Deltoid?

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula

What is the insertion of Deltoid?

Deltoid tuberosity

What is the action of Deltoid as a whole?

abducts arm

What does anterior deltoid do?

Flexion, horizontal adduction and inward rotation.

What does middle deltoid do?

Abduction.

What does posterior deltoid do?

Extension, abduction, horizontal abduction and outward rotation.

What exercise was noted for middle deltoid?

Cable fly (as written in notes).

What exercise was noted for posterior deltoid?

Back fly.

What is the origin of Pectoralis major?

Inner half of anterior clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of first six ribs

What is the insertion of Pectoralis major?

Outer lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

What is the action of Pectoralis major?

Inward rotation, adduction and flexion of humerus

How can pectoralis major action change?

The line of pull changes with arm position; notes discuss upper fibers when the arm is abducted over 90 degrees.

What is the origin of Coracobrachialis?

Coracoid process of scapula

What is the insertion of Coracobrachialis?

Medial aspect of humerus

What is the action of Coracobrachialis?

Adduction, flexion and horizontal adduction of humerus

Which larger muscle has similar actions to coracobrachialis?

Pectoralis major.

What is the origin of Latissimus dorsi?

Indirect attachment to spinous processes of lower six thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and lower three ribs

What is the insertion of Latissimus dorsi?

Medial aspect of intertubercular groove

What is the action of Latissimus dorsi?

Extension and adduction of humerus

What is the origin of Teres major?

Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula

What is the insertion of Teres major?

Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus

What is the action of Teres major?

Extension, adduction and horizontal abduction

Which muscle is teres major compared with in the slides?

Latissimus dorsi.

What is the origin of Teres minor?

Posterior scapula near lateral border below scapular spine

What is the insertion of Teres minor?

Posterior greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of Teres minor?

Horizontal abduction, extension and outward/external rotation

What is the origin of Infraspinatus?

Posterior scapula below scapular spine (infraspinous region)

What is the insertion of Infraspinatus?

Posterior greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of Infraspinatus?

Horizontal abduction, extension and outward/external rotation

What is the origin of Supraspinatus?

Supraspinatus fossa

What is the insertion of Supraspinatus?

Top of greater tubercle of humerus

What is the action of Supraspinatus?

Weak abduction; helps initiate first part of abduction

What injury-related point is handwritten for supraspinatus?

it is commonly hurt with shoulder injury

What is the origin of Subscapularis?

Subscapular fossa

What is the insertion of Subscapularis?

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

What is the action of Subscapularis?

Medial/internal rotation and adduction of arm

Where is subscapularis located?

Front/anterior surface of scapula.

What is the origin of Levator scapulae?

Transverse processes of upper four cervical vertebrae

What is the insertion of Levator scapulae?

Medial border of scapula above base of scapular spine

What is the action of Levator scapulae?

Elevates scapula

What is the origin of Rhomboids?

Spinous processes of last cervical vertebra and first five thoracic vertebrae

What is the insertion of Rhomboids?

Medial border of scapula below scapular spine

What is the action of Rhomboids?

Scapular adduction/retraction and downward rotation

Which muscle group do rhomboids help?

Trapezius.

What is the origin of Pectoralis minor?

Outer surfaces of ribs 3-5

What is the insertion of Pectoralis minor?

Coracoid process

What is the action of Pectoralis minor?

Scapular abduction/protraction and downward rotation

Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis.

What is an origin?

The relatively more fixed muscle attachment (often proximal).

What is an insertion?

The relatively more movable muscle attachment (often distal).

What is a prime mover?

Muscle that carries out an action.

What is a synergist?

Muscle contracting with a prime mover to assist the same motion or stabilize.

What is an antagonist?

Muscle directly opposing the prime mover.

What happens in shoulder dislocation?

Humeral head pops out of the glenoid fossa

What is the origin of Biceps brachii?

Long head: superior rim of glenoid fossa; short head: coracoid process

What is the insertion of Biceps brachii?

Radial tuberosity

What is the action of Biceps brachii?

Elbow flexion and forearm supination

When is biceps brachii strongest?

With the forearm supinated.

What forearm position weakens biceps action in the notes?

Pronated forearm.

How do the slides describe the number of joints crossed for biceps?

Commonly called a two-joint muscle, but the slides describe it as a three-joint muscle.

How do notes suggest stretching biceps?

Extend arm and pronate forearm; abduct shoulder 70-110 degrees and horizontally abduct.

What is the origin of Brachialis?

Anterior lower half of humerus

What is the insertion of Brachialis?

Ulnar tuberosity

What is the action of Brachialis?

True elbow flexion

How can brachialis be emphasized?

Reverse curls with pronated forearm.

Why is brachialis called a true elbow flexor?

Its attachment to the ulna means it flexes elbow regardless of radius rotation.

What is the origin of Brachioradialis?

Upper two-thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge

What is the insertion of Brachioradialis?

Base of radial styloid process

What is the action of Brachioradialis?

Elbow flexion

In what position is brachioradialis strongest?

Mid-prone/neutral position.

Which curl exercise targets brachioradialis?

Hammer curls.

How does it act on forearm rotation?

From supination tends toward pronation; from pronation tends toward supination as it flexes.

What is the origin of Pronator teres?

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

What is the insertion of Pronator teres?

Middle third of lateral radius

What is the action of Pronator teres?

Pronation

How do notes describe stretching pronator teres?

Fully extend elbow and supinate forearm.

What exercise can strengthen pronator teres?

Dumbbell pronation exercises.

What is the origin of Pronator quadratus?

Lower quarter of anterior ulna

What is the insertion of Pronator quadratus?

Lower third of anterior radius

What is the action of Pronator quadratus?

Pronation

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What is a stretch for pronator quadratus?

Passive supination with partner assistance.

What is the origin of Triceps brachii?

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle; lateral head: upper posterior humerus; medial head: lower posterior humerus

What is the insertion of Triceps brachii?

Olecranon process

What is the action of Triceps brachii?

Elbow extension; notes also list shoulder adduction

What is the origin of Anconeus?

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

What is the insertion of Anconeus?

Lateral olecranon and posterior ulna

What is the action of Anconeus?

Extends forearm

What is the handwritten nickname for anconeus?

Triceps helper.

What is the origin of Supinator?

Lateral olecranon and posterior ulna

What is the insertion of Supinator?

Proximal radius